A nurse is caring for a young adult patient whose medical history includes an alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. This deficiency predisposes the patient to what health problem?

Questions 98

ATI LPN

ATI LPN Test Bank

Perioperative Care Practice Questions Quizlet Questions

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is caring for a young adult patient whose medical history includes an alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. This deficiency predisposes the patient to what health problem?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency predisposes young adults to lobular emphysema, a form of COPD, by impairing lung protection. AAT, a protease inhibitor, neutralizes neutrophil elastase, which otherwise degrades alveolar elastin unchecked in deficiency states, causing early-onset emphysema, often sans smoking. This destruction yields air trapping and hyperinflation, hallmarks of lobular emphysema, typically in the lower lobes. Pulmonary edema, fluid in alveoli, stems from cardiac failure or ARDS, not AAT loss. Cystic fibrosis involves CFTR mutations, not AAT, affecting mucus viscosity. Empyema, pleural infection, isn't linked to AAT deficiency. The nurse's recognition of this genetic risk confirmed by AAT levels guides monitoring (e.g., spirometry) and counseling (e.g., avoiding smoke), critical for delaying progression in this rare, inherited condition.

Question 2 of 5

A nurse is planning the care of a client with bronchiectasis. What goal of care should the nurse prioritize?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In bronchiectasis care, the nurse prioritizes the patient successfully mobilizing pulmonary secretions, addressing the disease's core issue chronic bronchial dilation trapping thick, purulent mucus. Effective clearance via chest physiotherapy or postural drainage reduces infection risk, obstruction, and dyspnea, improving ventilation and quality of life in this irreversible condition. Maintaining 98% oxygen saturation is unrealistic 90-94% often suffices in chronic lung disease and not the primary focus. Reducing pulmonary blood pressure isn't a bronchiectasis hallmark; it's more relevant in cor pulmonale or pulmonary hypertension. Resuming prediagnosis function in 72 hours is unfeasible given bronchiectasis's permanence. The nurse's goal of secretion mobilization tracked by sputum volume drives symptom relief, aligning with evidence-based management.

Question 3 of 5

The patient has presented to the ambulatory surgery center to have a colonoscopy. The patient is scheduled to receive moderate sedation (conscious sedation) during the procedure. Moderate sedation is used routinely for procedures that require

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Moderate sedation, or conscious sedation, is used for procedures like colonoscopies, inducing a depressed level of consciousness where patients remain responsive but relaxed, reducing anxiety and discomfort without full anesthesia. It's not tied to outpatient status many outpatient procedures use local or no sedation. Loss of sensation requires regional anesthesia, like a nerve block, not moderate sedation, which preserves sensation. Immobility is achieved with general anesthesia, not this lighter state where patients can still move. This sedation level allows quick recovery, ideal for ambulatory settings, while maintaining airway control. The nurse's understanding ensures proper monitoring for oversedation risks, aligning with safe administration to achieve the intended conscious yet calm state during the procedure.

Question 4 of 5

The nurse is preparing to assist the patient in using the incentive spirometer. Which nursing intervention should the nurse provide first?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Performing hand hygiene first prevents microbial transmission, a foundational step before any patient contact or device use like the incentive spirometer. This reduces infection risk, critical post-surgery when immunity may be compromised. Positioning in reverse Trendelenburg or high Fowler's follows, aiding lung expansion, but hygiene precedes to ensure safety. Explaining the mouthpiece and instructing slow inhalation are teaching steps, done after hands are clean to avoid contamination. The nurse's adherence to this sequence hygiene first upholds asepsis, setting the stage for effective spirometry to prevent atelectasis, aligning with infection control and respiratory care standards.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is caring for a patient in the operating suite. Which of the following outcomes would be most appropriate for this patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Being free of burns at the grounding pad is the most appropriate intraoperative outcome, as cautery use risks electrical burns if pads are misplaced a preventable injury under the nurse's watch. Infection signs emerge post-surgery, not intraoperatively. Nausea and pain are irrelevant during anesthesia patients are unconscious, with symptoms surfacing later. The circulating nurse's focus on equipment safety, like pad placement, ensures skin integrity, aligning with intraoperative advocacy to prevent immediate harm, per surgical care standards.

Access More Questions!

ATI LPN Basic


$89/ 30 days

ATI LPN Premium


$150/ 90 days

Similar Questions