A nurse is caring for a postmenopausal client prescribed the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole for the treatment of breast cancer. Which of the following should the nurse tell the client she may experience?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Muscle and joint pain. Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer treatment, can lead to musculoskeletal side effects such as muscle and joint pain. This occurs due to decreased estrogen levels in the body, impacting bone density and joint health. Option A) Weight gain is incorrect because anastrozole is not typically associated with weight gain. Option C) Night sweats are more commonly seen with hormonal changes like menopause, not specifically linked to anastrozole. Option D) Increased appetite is not a typical side effect of anastrozole. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to understand the side effects of medications used in breast cancer treatment to provide comprehensive care. By knowing the specific side effects of medications like anastrozole, nurses can anticipate and manage potential issues, improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Patient education about expected side effects is crucial to ensure adherence to treatment and timely reporting of any concerning symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Endometriosis, which can increase a client's risk of ovarian cancer. Endometriosis causes cells similar to those lining the uterus to grow outside the uterus, potentially affecting the ovaries and increasing the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer. A) History of fibroids is incorrect because fibroids are benign tumors in the uterus and do not directly increase the risk of ovarian cancer. B) Early menopause is not a direct risk factor for ovarian cancer. In fact, women who experience early menopause may have a slightly decreased risk of developing ovarian cancer. D) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is not associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects the ovaries but does not predispose individuals to ovarian cancer. Educationally, understanding risk factors for ovarian cancer is crucial for healthcare providers in providing appropriate care and counseling to their clients. By recognizing the relationship between certain conditions like endometriosis and ovarian cancer, providers can implement early detection and preventive strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Presumptive sign of pregnancy. In this scenario, the client feeling the baby move is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy. Presumptive signs are subjective changes that the client experiences, such as amenorrhea, breast tenderness, and fetal movements, that may indicate pregnancy but can also be caused by other conditions. Option B) Probable sign of pregnancy includes objective changes observed by the healthcare provider, such as a positive pregnancy test or ultrasound findings. Option C) Positive sign of pregnancy are definitive indicators like hearing fetal heart tones or visualizing the fetus through ultrasound. Option D) Possible sign of pregnancy is not a recognized category in the classification of pregnancy signs. In an educational context, understanding the different types of signs of pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately assess and care for pregnant clients. By knowing the distinctions between presumptive, probable, and positive signs, nurses can provide appropriate support and guidance to clients throughout their pregnancy journey.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C, Petroleum jelly. When providing discharge instructions for a circumcised newborn, petroleum jelly is recommended to apply during diaper changes to prevent diaper adherence to the penis. Petroleum jelly acts as a barrier and helps to protect the healing circumcision site from irritation and sticking to the diaper. It also promotes healing by keeping the area moisturized without causing any adverse effects. Options A, B, and D are incorrect in this context. Baby oil is not recommended for application on a circumcision site as it may lead to irritation or infection. Antibiotic ointment is not typically used for routine care of a circumcision site unless specifically prescribed by a healthcare provider for an infection. Alcohol wipes are too harsh for the sensitive skin of a newborn and can cause irritation and dryness, which can hinder the healing process. Educationally, understanding the appropriate care for a circumcised newborn is crucial for nurses providing postpartum and newborn care. By knowing the correct recommendations for care, nurses can help parents feel confident in caring for their newborn at home and promote optimal healing and comfort for the newborn. It is important to provide evidence-based, safe, and effective care instructions to ensure the well-being of the newborn and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the postpartum period, deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant concern due to the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy. Cesarean birth is strongly associated with DVT due to factors like reduced mobility post-surgery and endothelial damage. Vaginal birth allows for easier mobility and fewer complications, reducing DVT risk. Anemia, while a concern postpartum, is not directly related to DVT. Multiparity alone does not increase DVT risk unless coupled with other factors like cesarean birth. Educationally, understanding the risk factors for postpartum complications like DVT is crucial for nurses caring for postpartum clients. By knowing the association between cesarean birth and DVT, nurses can implement preventive measures such as early ambulation, compression stockings, and pharmacological prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of this serious complication. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to postpartum clients and promotes positive maternal outcomes.