A nurse is caring for a patient who has been hospitalized with an acute asthma exacerbation. What drugs should the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient to gain underlying control of persistent asthma?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For an acute asthma exacerbation with persistent symptoms, the nurse expects anti-inflammatory drugs, primarily inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., budesonide), to gain underlying control. Asthma's root is airway inflammation corticosteroids reduce mucosal edema, mucus production, and hyperresponsiveness, preventing recurrent attacks and stabilizing lung function long-term. Rescue inhalers (e.g., albuterol) provide quick relief for acute bronchospasm but don't address inflammation, serving as short-term adjuncts. Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, irrelevant unless pneumonia complicates the case, which isn't typical in asthma. Antitussives suppress cough, counterproductive when cough clears mucus in asthma. The nurse anticipates corticosteroids often paired with beta-agonists per asthma guidelines (e.g., NHLBI), monitoring for delivery (e.g., MDI with spacer) and side effects (e.g., thrush), ensuring control of this chronic inflammatory state post-exacerbation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a minor procedure like arm cyst removal, starting with clear liquids, soup, and crackers, then advancing as tolerated, best supports diet progression. Anesthesia can slow gastrointestinal motility, risking nausea; a gradual approach tests tolerance, avoiding vomiting that could strain the surgical site. No limitations risk digestive upset from heavy foods too soon. A 24-hour clear liquid restriction is excessive for ambulatory surgery recovery is faster. Timed progression (2 hours each) is too rigid; tolerance varies. This flexible, patient-led explanation ensures comfort and hydration, aligning with ambulatory care standards for quick, safe recovery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: With obstructive sleep apnea, the nurse monitors for choking and noisy, irregular respirations signs of airway obstruction post-anesthesia. Anesthesia weakens pharyngeal muscles, and sleep apnea's baseline obstruction worsens this, risking hypoxia. Shallow respirations suggest depression, not obstruction. Pain reports are expected but unrelated to apnea. Disorientation may hint at hypoxia but isn't specific. Monitoring these respiratory signs ensures timely intervention (e.g., repositioning, oxygen), critical for this high-risk patient, per postoperative airway management standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Personality describes the consistent patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that define how an individual reacts to life's challenges and situations, making each person unique. 'Personality,' is correct because it aligns with this definition, as articulated by Gordon Allport, who viewed personality as a dynamic organization of traits influencing responses. 'Relationship,' refers to connections between people, not individual response patterns. 'Socialization,' is the process of learning societal norms, not the resulting behavioral habits. 'Interaction,' denotes specific exchanges with others, not a stable, habitual trait. Personality's emphasis on enduring, individual-specific responses matches the question's focus on habitual ways, distinguishing it from situational or process-oriented terms. Psychological research, including the Big Five personality traits, reinforces that personality governs how individuals consistently handle life's situations, making A the precise answer over the less relevant alternatives.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Facultative anaerobes are microorganisms capable of thriving with or without oxygen, adapting their metabolism accordingly. 'Facultative anaerobes,' is correct because it describes organisms like Escherichia coli, which use aerobic respiration when oxygen is present and switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration when it's absent. 'Obligate anaerobes,' require an oxygen-free environment, as oxygen is toxic to them. 'Strict anaerobes,' is a synonym for obligate anaerobes, also unable to tolerate oxygen. 'Obligate aerobes,' depend entirely on oxygen for growth, incapable of surviving without it. The flexibility of facultative anaerobes, documented in microbiology (e.g., Brock Biology of Microorganisms), distinguishes them from the rigid requirements of the other options, making C the precise answer for organisms that can handle both conditions.