Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Late decelerations are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency, indicating that the fetus is not receiving adequate oxygen during contractions. This is an emergency that requires prompt intervention. Changing the client's position helps to improve placental blood flow, which can reduce the stress on the fetus. If the decelerations continue, further interventions, including oxygen administration and notifying the provider, may be necessary.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An irregularly shaped, nontender lump is a concerning finding because it may indicate breast cancer. The nurse should report this finding to the provider for further investigation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Variable decelerations are often caused by umbilical cord compression. Repositioning the client can help alleviate pressure on the cord and improve fetal oxygenation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Heavy bleeding and the passage of large clots after childbirth can indicate uterine atony. The nurse should first attempt to massage the fundus to stimulate uterine contractions and control the bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The first action is to massage the client's fundus, as uterine atony is a common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, and this intervention can help stimulate uterine contraction and reduce bleeding.