A nurse is caring for a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm and is scheduled for surgery. The client's vital signs are blood pressure 160/98 mm Hg, heart rate 102/min, respirations 22/min, and SpO2 95%. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antihypertensive medication for blood pressure. Step-by-step rationale: 1. An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a serious condition that can lead to rupture if not managed properly. 2. The client's elevated blood pressure of 160/98 mm Hg can increase the risk of rupture. 3. Administering antihypertensive medication can help lower the blood pressure and reduce the risk of rupture. 4. By managing the blood pressure, the nurse is helping to stabilize the client before surgery. Summary of other choices: B: Increasing IV fluids may not directly address the elevated blood pressure and can potentially worsen the situation. C: Monitoring without intervention may lead to a missed opportunity to prevent a potential rupture. D: Administering oxygen is not the priority action in this scenario; addressing the elevated blood pressure is crucial.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hair loss. Leflunomide is known to cause hair loss as a side effect due to its impact on the hair follicles. This is a common adverse reaction and can occur in some individuals taking leflunomide. Pulmonary fibrosis (B), retinal damage (C), and hepatotoxicity (D) are not typically associated with leflunomide use. Pulmonary fibrosis is more commonly linked to certain medications like methotrexate, while retinal damage and hepatotoxicity are not common side effects of leflunomide.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methotrexate. Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic luplupus erythematosus. It works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Methotrexate is considered a first-line treatment for these conditions due to its efficacy and safety profile. Explanation of other choices: B: Hydroxychloroquine is primarily used to treat malaria and certain autoimmune conditions like lupus, but it is not typically the first choice for rheumatoid arthritis. C: Leflunomide is another DMARD used for rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not commonly used for systemic lupus erythematosus. D: Adalimumab is a biologic DMARD used for rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not typically used for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because using baby powder is not a recommended self-care measure for someone with lupus. The rationale is that individuals with lupus are sensitive to sunlight (choice A) and should avoid it, should manage fatigue by grouping activities (choice C), and should prioritize rest (choice D) to manage symptoms. Baby powder does not play a role in managing lupus symptoms and could potentially worsen skin irritation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a bone marrow aspirate allows for the examination of cells to assess their level of maturation. This is crucial in diagnosing various hematologic conditions like leukemia and anemia. Choice A is incorrect as cellularity is better assessed through a bone marrow biopsy. Choice B is incorrect as myelofibrosis is better visualized through a bone marrow biopsy as well. Choice D is incorrect as tumor infiltration is typically seen through imaging studies rather than a bone marrow aspirate.