A nurse is assessing several clients in a long term health care facility. Which client is at highest risk for development of decubitus ulcers?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Malnutrition, age, and bed rest increase pressure ulcer risk significantly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Caring uniquely defines nursing, distinguishing it from other professions like medicine (treatment-focused) or engineering (technical). Rooted in theorists like Watson and Leininger, caring integrates compassion with skill, addressing physical, emotional, and social needs e.g., comforting a dying patient beyond mere medication. Education and theory support this, while autonomy enables it, but caring's relational essence is the core. This singularity shapes nursing's identity, evident in patient advocacy and holistic care, setting it apart in healthcare.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: John Westerhoff's faith theory, from the 1970s, sees faith as evolving behavior e.g., growing from received faith to owned faith through life. Gilligan's ethics, Fowler's abstract faith, and Freud's psychoanalysis differ. Westerhoff's experiential stages influence nursing's spiritual care, helping patients find meaning through observable faith actions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Florence Nightingale was born May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy, to British parents hence her name. She studied in Germany and worked in Britain, not France. Her Italian birth ties to her environmental theory's origins, influencing nursing's global history and her Crimean War legacy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Relapsing fever features high temps (39.5-40°C) with normal periods (36.5°C) e.g., recurring every few days, as in borrelia infections. Intermittent (daily normal), remittent (fluctuating high), and constant (stable) differ. Nurses note this e.g., two-day gap for infectious disease management, per fever types.