ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dyspnea with hiccups. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, leading to chest pain worsened by lying flat and relieved by sitting upright. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) may occur due to compression of the heart by fluid or inflammation. Hiccups can result from irritation of the diaphragm. Fever with chills (choice C) is more indicative of an infectious process. Tachycardia alone (choice D) is a nonspecific symptom and can occur in various conditions, but pericarditis typically presents with a combination of symptoms including chest pain and dyspnea.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing for cardiac tamponade on a client who had coronary artery bypass grafts. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Auscultate blood pressure for pulsus paradoxus. This is the most appropriate action because pulsus paradoxus is a key sign of cardiac tamponade, where there is an abnormal drop in blood pressure during inspiration. This occurs due to increased pressure on the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac. Checking for chest pain (B) may not be specific to cardiac tamponade. Monitoring ECG for ST changes (C) is important but may not be as immediate as assessing for pulsus paradoxus. Assessing respiratory rate (D) is also important but may not be as specific to cardiac tamponade as checking for pulsus paradoxus.
Question 3 of 5
What should be monitored when a patient is taking NSAIDs? (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Gds) because monitoring gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects is essential when a patient is taking NSAIDs due to the increased risk of ulcers, bleeding, and perforation. B: CNS adverse effects are potential side effects of NSAIDs, so monitoring for symptoms like headache, dizziness, and confusion is necessary. C: Cardiac adverse effects such as increased risk of heart attack and stroke should be monitored in patients taking NSAIDs. D: Renal adverse effects like decreased kidney function and fluid retention are common with NSAIDs and warrant monitoring. In summary, choice A (Gds) does not apply because GI adverse effects are a crucial consideration when monitoring patients on NSAIDs, making it the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Which medication is a corticosteroid?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prednisone is a corticosteroid because it belongs to the class of medications that mimic the actions of corticosteroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, making them effective for treating various conditions like asthma, arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. Methotrexate, Hydroxychloroquine, and Leflunomide are not corticosteroids; they belong to different classes of medications used for managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis but work through different mechanisms of action.
Question 5 of 5
Which medication should be taken in the morning to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide can cause hemorrhagic cystitis as a side effect, which is less likely to occur if taken in the morning due to the diurnal variation in bladder toxicity. Methotrexate, Leflunomide, and Adalimumab are not associated with hemorrhagic cystitis and do not require specific timing for administration to prevent this side effect.