A nurse is assessing a client who has late-stage heart failure and is experiencing fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weight gain 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 1 day. In late-stage heart failure with fluid volume overload, the body retains excess fluid leading to weight gain. This rapid weight gain is a key indicator of worsening fluid overload. Option B (Weight loss) is incorrect as fluid volume overload typically leads to weight gain. Option C (Dry skin) is incorrect as it is not a common finding in fluid volume overload. Option D (Decreased urine output) is incorrect as fluid volume overload usually leads to increased urine output due to the body's attempt to eliminate excess fluid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methotrexate. Methotrexate is an immunosuppressive agent commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases by suppressing the immune system's response. It inhibits the production of certain cells involved in the immune response, making it effective in managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Hydroxychloroquine, Celecoxib, and Diclofenac are not immunosuppressive agents; they are used for other purposes such as treating malaria (Hydroxychloroquine), pain and inflammation (Celecoxib, Diclofenac).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Probenecid is a medication used to treat gout by increasing the excretion of uric acid. 2. Common side effects include nausea and rash, which are important to monitor in patients. 3. Nausea can affect adherence to treatment, while rash may indicate an allergic reaction. 4. Retinal damage (B), bone marrow suppression (C), and hepatotoxicity (D) are not associated with probenecid use. 5. Therefore, monitoring for nausea and rash (A) is crucial for patient safety and treatment effectiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colchicine. Colchicine is used for acute management of gout by reducing inflammation and pain caused by gout attacks. It works by inhibiting the inflammatory response to urate crystals in the joint. Allopurinol, Febuxostat, and Probenecid are not used for acute gout attacks; they are used for long-term management to lower uric acid levels and prevent future gout attacks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasculitis. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis can lead to inflammation and damage to blood vessels, affecting various organs and tissues. This can result in serious complications and even death. In contrast, while infections, cardiovascular impairment, and chronic kidney disease are common in SLE patients, they are not the most common causes of death. Infections can be managed with appropriate treatment, cardiovascular impairment can be controlled with medications and lifestyle changes, and chronic kidney disease can be managed through dialysis or kidney transplant. Vasculitis, on the other hand, can be more unpredictable and severe in SLE patients, making it the most common cause of death among this population.