ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lower back discomfort. Abdominal aortic aneurysm can present with lower back discomfort due to the pressure on surrounding structures. Chest pain (B) is not typically associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Dyspnea (C) and nausea (D) are also not common manifestations of this condition. Lower back discomfort is a key characteristic symptom that nurses should expect when assessing a client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Question 2 of 5
Which medication is used for acute management of gout?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colchicine. Colchicine is used for acute gout attacks as it reduces inflammation and pain by inhibiting the inflammatory response to urate crystals. Allopurinol, Febuxostat, and Probenecid are used for long-term management by lowering uric acid levels, not for acute attacks. Colchicine is the preferred choice for acute gout due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
Question 3 of 5
Which medication is used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Belimumab. Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and is approved for the treatment of SLE. BAFF plays a role in B-cell survival and maturation, which are key factors in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methotrexate (B), Hydroxychloroquine (C), and Leflunomide (D) are also used in the treatment of SLE, but they do not specifically target the underlying mechanisms of the disease like Belimumab does. Methotrexate is more commonly used for arthritis in SLE, Hydroxychloroquine is used for mild SLE cases, and Leflunomide is used for rheumatoid arthritis.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is studying hypersensitivity reactions. Which reactions are correctly matched with their hypersensitivity types? (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because Type II hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by immunoglobulins G or M, not just IgM alone. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Type I hypersensitivity: Correctly matched with examples like hay fever and anaphylaxis. 2. Type II hypersensitivity: Incorrectly matched with IgM, as it is mediated by IgG or IgM. 3. Type III hypersensitivity: Correctly matched with immune complex deposits in blood vessel walls. 4. Type IV hypersensitivity: Correctly matched with examples like poison ivy and transplant rejection. In summary, choice B is incorrect because it inaccurately describes the immunoglobulin involved in Type II hypersensitivity reactions.
Question 5 of 5
On examination of a peripheral blood film of a patient with sickle cell disease, some nuclear remnants are seen on the red blood cells. This finding is strongly suggestive of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The presence of nuclear remnants on red blood cells in sickle cell disease indicates Howell-Jolly bodies, a sign of functional asplenia due to autosplenectomy. This occurs in sickle cell disease due to chronic vaso-occlusive crises leading to infarction and fibrosis of the spleen. Asplenism increases the risk of infections, particularly encapsulated organisms. Summary: A: Hypersplenism is incorrect because it would result in increased removal of red blood cells without nuclear remnants. C: Hepatomegaly is incorrect as it is not typically associated with the presence of nuclear remnants on red blood cells. D: Bone marrow failure is incorrect as it does not specifically lead to the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies on red blood cells in sickle cell disease.