A nurse is admitting a new patient who has been admitted with a diagnosis of COPD exacerbation. How can the nurse best help the patient achieve the goal of maintaining effective oxygenation?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a COPD exacerbation, teaching diaphragmatic breathing best helps maintain effective oxygenation by retraining the patient's inefficient, shallow pattern. This technique abdomen expands on inhale, contracts on exhale lowers respiratory rate, boosts alveolar ventilation, and reduces air trapping from hyperinflation, improving O2 uptake. Supplementary oxygen via face mask corrects hypoxemia but doesn't address breathing mechanics, risking CO2 retention if unmonitored. Airway suctioning clears secretions, irrelevant in COPD unless pneumonia complicates it. Exercise programs aid long-term fitness but are impractical acutely due to dyspnea. The nurse's instruction hands-on, practiced optimizes oxygenation naturally, per COPD rehabilitation, empowering the patient during and post-exacerbation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: After an anxiolytic, instructing the patient to call for help to use the restroom prevents falls from sedation-induced drowsiness or unsteadiness, a key safety step. Consent should precede medication, as sedation impairs judgment asking now is invalid. Wasting unused meds follows policy but isn't urgent. Notifying the operating suite may occur, but patient safety trumps communication timing. The nurse's instruction raising side rails, placing call light near ensures immediate protection, aligning with preoperative care to mitigate risks from altered consciousness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Obtaining vital signs post-transport compares them to PACU baselines, monitoring for variations (e.g., hypotension from movement) to ensure stability. It's not just the first assessment step context matters. It's not merely to confirm nurse attention or follow policy, though policies may align. This rationale tracks physiological response, critical for early complication detection (e.g., bleeding), aligning with safe handoff practices between units.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The family is the primary social institution where individuals first learn through observation and imitation, starting from infancy. 'Family,' is correct because children mimic parents' behaviors, language, and habits, as emphasized by Albert Bandura's social learning theory, which highlights modeling as a key learning process. 'Educational Institution,' involves structured learning later in life, often beyond initial imitation stages. 'Peer Group,' influences behavior through interaction but typically follows family influence. 'Reference Group,' refers to aspirational groups one identifies with, not a primary learning context. The family's intimate, early role in shaping behavior through watching and copying—such as a child imitating a parent's speech—distinguishes it as the foundational institution for this type of learning, making C the correct answer, supported by developmental psychology's focus on familial influence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Computers in healthcare primarily enhance efficiency and accuracy in managing patient care. 'Keeping database of treatment,' is correct because electronic health records (EHRs) store treatment histories, diagnoses, and medications, improving care coordination, as seen in systems like Epic or Cerner. 'Assisting patient,' is vague and not a primary computer function; assistance comes via staff using tech. 'Browsing social media,' is unrelated to healthcare utility, serving personal rather than clinical needs. 'Blood donation,' involves logistics but isn't a core computer role in health settings. EHRs' role in storing and retrieving treatment data, backed by healthcare IT studies, underscores A as the most significant and widely implemented use, distinguishing it from the less relevant or indirect options.