ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse instructs a client to use the pursed lip method of breathing. The client asks the nurse about the purpose of this type of breathing. The nurse responds, knowing that the primary purpose of pursed lip breathing is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing's primary purpose is to promote carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) elimination (D) in obstructive lung diseases like COPD. By pursing lips, exhalation slows, increasing airway pressure to keep alveoli open longer, expelling trapped COâ‚‚ countering hypercapnia from air trapping. It doesn't directly boost oxygen intake (A) that's secondary to better ventilation. It aids diaphragm effort but doesn't strengthen it (B) or intercostals (C) those are exercise goals. This technique, prolonging expiration, relieves dyspnea, a critical self-management tool in COPD nursing education, enhancing gas exchange and reducing respiratory distress.
Question 2 of 5
A 33-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea for the past 8 years. He does not smoke. On examination, there are decreased breath sounds over lower lung fields. A chest radiograph shows flattened diaphragms; his CT scan is shown in the figure. Pulmonary function tests show decreased DLCO, decreased FEV1, and increased FVC. Arterial blood gas analysis shows Po2, 65 mm Hg; Pco2, 60 mm Hg; HCO3-, 32 mEq/L; and pH, 7.35. A sibling is similarly affected. What is the most likely mechanism for his pulmonary disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reduced antielastase activity (D) from AAT deficiency causes panacinar emphysema . Nonsmoker, familial pattern (PiZZ genotype), and lower-lobe damage drop DLCO and FEV1. Atopy (A) is asthma. CFTR (B) yields bronchiectasis. Neutrophils (C) fit smoking. D's elastase excess 50% alveolar loss contrasts A's reversibility, per document.
Question 3 of 5
a 76 year old man came with dry cough and wheezing, he's been taking aspirin for 4 months as a prophylactic treatment. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis for him?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
which one of the following is not type of emphysema?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the function of the diaphragm in expiration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Relaxation (B) is the diaphragm's role in expiration . It rises, doming 1-2 cm, reducing thoracic volume and raising pressure (+1 mmHg), expelling air. Contraction (C) drives inspiration. Energy (A) is cellular, not diaphragmatic. Exchange (D) occurs in alveoli. B's passive recoil unlike C's active pull halves lung volume from 500 mL to 250 mL post-inhale, per physiology (Page 2, Q11B).