ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse caring for clients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) plans care understanding the most common causes of death for these clients is which of the following? (Select one that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vasculitis. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vasculitis can lead to inflammation and damage to blood vessels, affecting various organs and tissues. This can result in serious complications and even death. In contrast, while infections, cardiovascular impairment, and chronic kidney disease are common in SLE patients, they are not the most common causes of death. Infections can be managed with appropriate treatment, cardiovascular impairment can be controlled with medications and lifestyle changes, and chronic kidney disease can be managed through dialysis or kidney transplant. Vasculitis, on the other hand, can be more unpredictable and severe in SLE patients, making it the most common cause of death among this population.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse provides home care instructions to a client with systemic lupus erythematosus and tells the client about methods to manage fatigue. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: A: Taking hot baths can worsen fatigue in clients with lupus due to the potential of increasing body temperature and causing exhaustion. B: Sitting to conserve energy is a valid strategy to manage fatigue by minimizing physical exertion. C: Avoiding long periods of rest helps prevent joint stiffness and maintains mobility. D: Doing light exercises like walking can improve overall energy levels and physical condition. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as hot baths can exacerbate fatigue. Choices B, C, and D provide appropriate strategies for managing fatigue in clients with lupus.
Question 3 of 5
The client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is diagnosed with cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse understands that this has been confirmed by which finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Positive punch biopsy of the cutaneous lesions. A definitive diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma is confirmed by the presence of spindle cells and red blood cell extravasation in cutaneous lesions, which can be identified through a punch biopsy. This procedure allows for a histological examination to accurately diagnose Kaposi's sarcoma. Incorrect choices: A: Swelling in the genital area - Kaposi's sarcoma does not typically present with swelling in the genital area. B: Swelling in the lower extremities - Swelling in the lower extremities is not a specific indicator of Kaposi's sarcoma. D: Appearance of reddish-blue lesions noted on the skin - While reddish-blue lesions are characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma, a punch biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis definitively.
Question 4 of 5
A client who is human immunodeficiency virus seropositive has been taking stavudine. The nurse should monitor which most closely while the client is taking this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gait. Stavudine has been associated with peripheral neuropathy, which can lead to gait disturbances. Monitoring the client's gait closely is crucial to detect any signs of peripheral neuropathy early on. Other choices (B) Appetite, (C) Level of consciousness, and (D) Gastrointestinal function are not directly associated with stavudine use. Peripheral neuropathy is a known side effect of stavudine, making monitoring gait the priority in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A 38-year-old woman with sore throat, Hb 9.0 g/dL, WBC 2000/µL, platelets 30,000/µL. Best approach to diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct approach is a bone marrow biopsy. The patient presents with pancytopenia (low Hb, WBC, platelets) which suggests a bone marrow issue. Bone marrow biopsy can reveal the cause of pancytopenia such as aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or leukemia. Erythropoietin level (A) is not indicated as low levels are expected in anemia. Serum B12 (B) is used for diagnosing B12 deficiency anemia, not pancytopenia. Liver spleen scan (D) is not helpful in this scenario. Bone marrow biopsy is the most direct and appropriate diagnostic test in this case.