ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse caring for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is reviewing the client’s diagnostic tests. Which test result is common in DIC?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased fibrinogen level. In DIC, there is widespread activation of clotting factors leading to consumption of fibrinogen, causing a decrease in its levels. This results in an increased risk of bleeding. A: Decreased prothrombin time is not common in DIC because the increased clotting factor consumption leads to a prolonged prothrombin time. B: Increased platelet count is not common in DIC, as platelets are also consumed in the excessive clotting process. D: Decreased partial thromboplastin time is not common in DIC as it may be prolonged due to consumption of clotting factors.
Question 2 of 5
When caring for a child with leukemia, which of the following goals should be considered primary?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Preventing infection. In children with leukemia, the primary goal is to prevent infection due to their compromised immune system. Infection can be life-threatening for these patients. Providing a safe environment, proper hand hygiene, and monitoring for signs of infection are crucial. Meeting developmental needs (A) and promoting adequate nutrition (B) are important but secondary to preventing infection. Promoting diversionary activity (D) is beneficial for psychosocial well-being but not as critical as preventing infection in a child with leukemia.
Question 3 of 5
A child with nephrotic syndrome is severely edematous. The primary health-care provider has placed the child on bed rest. An important nursing intervention for this child should be to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reposition the child every two hours. In nephrotic syndrome, edema is common due to protein loss. Bed rest helps reduce fluid retention. Repositioning every two hours prevents pressure ulcers. Monitoring blood pressure frequently (B) is not necessary unless indicated. Encouraging fluids (C) can exacerbate edema. Limiting visitors (D) is not directly related to managing edema.
Question 4 of 5
A child has undergone a kidney transplant and is receiving tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The parents ask the nurse about the reason for these two medications. The nurse should explain that these medications are given to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Suppress rejection. Tacrolimus and cyclosporine are immunosuppressant medications used to prevent the body's immune system from attacking the transplanted kidney. By suppressing the immune response, these medications help reduce the risk of rejection and allow the body to accept the new organ. Boosting immunity (Choice A) would be counterproductive in this scenario as it could lead to rejection. Decreasing pain (Choice C) and improving circulation (Choice D) are not the primary purposes of these medications in the context of a kidney transplant.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to ambulate a school-age client who had an appendectomy. In addition to pharmacological pain management, the nurse can use which nonpharmacological pain-management strategy for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A pillow on the abdomen. Placing a pillow on the abdomen can provide support and gentle pressure, which can help reduce pain and discomfort during ambulation post-appendectomy without the risk of thermal injury or exacerbating inflammation. Heating pads (choice A) and warm, moist packs (choice B) can increase blood flow and potentially worsen inflammation. Ice packs (choice D) are not recommended post-appendectomy due to the risk of vasoconstriction and delayed healing.