ATI LPN
Renal System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
A nurse cares for a client who is having trouble voiding. The client states, 'I cannot urinate in public places.' How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Providing privacy addresses the client's discomfort and aids voiding effectively.
Question 2 of 9
Which of the following has a function in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intercalated cells in the collecting tubule maintain acid-base balance by secreting H⺠(Type A) or HCO₃⻠(Type B) into the tubular lumen, adjusting blood pH in response to acidosis or alkalosis. Juxtaglomerular cells regulate GFR via renin, principal cells manage water and Na⺠balance, and macula densa cells sense tubular fluid composition, not directly affecting acid-base balance, making C the correct choice.
Question 3 of 9
In which structure does blood filtration in the kidney occur? The:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's) filters blood.
Question 4 of 9
A young woman is found comatose, having taken an unknown number of sleeping pills an unknown time before. An arterial blood sample yields the following values: pH - 6.90, HCO3- 13 meq/liter, PaCO2 68 mmHg. This patient's acid-base status is most accurately described as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pH of 6.90 (severe acidosis), HCO₃⻠of 13 mEq/L (low), and PaCO₂ of 68 mmHg (high) indicate combined metabolic acidosis (low HCO₃⻠from overdose, e.g., lactic acid) and respiratory acidosis (high PCO₂ from hypoventilation due to sedation). No compensation is evident (HCO₃⻠isn't rising), ruling out A, B, D, making C correct.
Question 5 of 9
A nurse cares for a client with diabetes mellitus who is prescribed metformin (Glucophage) and is scheduled for an intravenous urography. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin with dye risks lactic acidosis; stopping it is the priority.
Question 6 of 9
The nurse is preparing a patient for bladder training. What is the primary focus of bladder training for patients with impaired urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bladder training for impaired urinary elimination (e.g., incontinence) focuses on strengthening pelvic floor muscles (C) via exercises (e.g., Kegels) and scheduled voiding to improve control. Fluid balance (A) is secondary, catheterization (B) is invasive, and urodynamic testing (D) is diagnostic, making C the primary focus.
Question 7 of 9
To reduce the risk for pulmonary complication for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), which interventions should the nurse implement? (SATA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To reduce pulmonary complications in ALS, the nurse should encourage incentive spirometry (A), perform chest physiotherapy (C), and teach breathing exercises (E). ALS weakens respiratory muscles, increasing atelectasis and secretion retention risks. Spirometry improves lung expansion, physiotherapy clears mucus, and exercises strengthen breathing, all preventing pneumonia. Passive ROM (B) aids mobility, not lungs, and bladder routines (D) address urinary issues, making A, C, and E the key respiratory interventions.
Question 8 of 9
The nurse reinforces teaching on risk factors for prerenal injury. Which statement indicates understanding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NSAIDs reduce kidney perfusion, causing prerenal injury.
Question 9 of 9
Concerning cell volume regulation:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na/H and Cl/HCO₃ antiports regulate volume in hypertonic conditions (A), water efflux precedes KCl in hypertonic states (B is partial), and KCl efflux adjusts hypotonic swelling (C). A and C are true—antiports for shrinkage, KCl for swelling—while B is incomplete, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.