A newly graduated nurse is reviewing with their pr

Question 1 of 5

A newly graduated nurse is reviewing with their preceptor how the urinary system maintains balance of the body's fluids. What statement would warrant further education by the preceptor?

A. The glomerular filtration process serves as the initial step, in which water and electrolytes are meticulously filtered from the bloodstream into the renal tubules B. The kidneys reclaim sodium, potassium, and water, redirecting them back into the bloodstream to prevent excessive loss during tubular reabsorption C. The kidneys play a pivotal role in regulating acid-base balance by selectively excreting bicarbonate ions (HCOâ‚ƒâ») and reabsorbing hydrogen ions (Hâº) in the renal tubules D. Excess ions and substances that were not adequately filtered during the glomerular filtration phase are eliminated during tubular secretion

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The kidneys regulate acid-base balance by excreting Hâº and reabsorbing HCOâ‚ƒâ» (opposite of C), making this statement incorrect and needing education. Filtration (A), reabsorption (B), and secretion (D) are accurate, highlighting C as the error.

Question 2 of 5

Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to net collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion.

A. it is decreased by increased renal production of ammonia B. it is increased by increased reabsorption of sodium through the apical sodium channel C. it is not affected by the presence or absence of titratable acids D. aldosterone does not modify collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Increased sodium reabsorption via apical channels (B) in the collecting duct (principal cells) enhances Hâº secretion by intercalated cells, balancing charge. Ammonia buffers Hâº (A is false), titratable acids affect it (C is false), and aldosterone boosts it (D is false), making B correct.

Question 3 of 5

What type of epithelium forms the lining of the uterine (fallopian) tube? A) stratified squamous, B) transitional, C) simple ciliated columnar, D) simple cuboidal

A. stratified squamous B. transitional C. simple ciliated columnar D. simple cuboidal

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The fallopian tube has simple ciliated columnar epithelium (C), aiding ovum transport. Stratified squamous (A) is in skin, transitional (B) in bladder, and cuboidal (D) in tubules, making C the match.

Question 4 of 5

The fluid in the capsular space is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of:

A. glucose B. sodium C. Hâº D. albumin

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Capsular filtrate lacks significant albumin (D) due to glomerular filtration barriers (podocytes, basement membrane) retaining proteins. Glucose (A), sodium (B), and Hâº (C) filter freely, making D the key difference.

Question 5 of 5

A 72-year-old who has benign prostatic hyperplasia is admitted to the hospital with chills, fever, and vomiting. Which finding by the nurse will be most helpful in determining whether the patient has an upper urinary tract infection (UTI)?

A. Suprapubic pain B. Bladder distention C. Foul-smelling urine D. Costovertebral tenderness

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Costovertebral tenderness (D) indicates pyelonephritis (upper UTI), a critical finding with systemic symptoms like fever and chills. Suprapubic pain (A), distention (B), and foul urine (C) suggest lower UTI, less specific for upper tract involvement, making D most diagnostic.

A newly graduated nurse is reviewing with their preceptor how the urinary system maintains balance of the body's fluids. What statement would warrant further education by the preceptor?

Nurselytic

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