ATI LPN
Pediatric Gi Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A newborn with a history of maternal polyhydramnios failed to pass meconium within the first 24 hours of life. He appears with abdominal distension and bilious vomiting. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Duodenal atresia matches polyhydramnios, bilious vomiting, and obstruction, per AAP. A, C-E are less consistent.
Question 2 of 5
A child appears with chronic cough and failure to thrive. Physical examination reveals nasal polyps and digital clubbing. Sweat chloride test is positive. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis matches chronic cough, failure to thrive, polyps, clubbing, and positive sweat test, per CFF. A-C, E don’t fit.
Question 3 of 5
A 3-month-old infant presents with seizures and hypotonia. MRI shows periventricular leukomalacia. Most likely cause is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy causes periventricular leukomalacia in infants, per AAP, often from perinatal asphyxia. B-E are less likely.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-year-old girl presents with recurrent fractures and blue sclerae. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osteogenesis imperfecta causes recurrent fractures and blue sclerae, per NIH. B-E lack this combination.
Question 5 of 5
A 1-year-old girl presents with fever and a bulging fontanelle. CSF shows gram-negative bacilli. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bacterial meningitis fits fever, bulging fontanelle, and gram-negative bacilli, per AAP. A, C-E differ in CSF.