ATI LPN
Good Multiple Choice Question About Perioperative Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
A new employee asks the occupational health nurse about measures to prevent inhalation exposure of the substances. Which statement by the nurse will decrease the patients exposure risk to toxic substances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reducing inhalation exposure to toxic substances in the workplace hinges on effective personal protective equipment (PPE), such as respirators, hoods, or masks designed for specific hazards, as stated in option B. This approach directly blocks inhalation of airborne toxins, aligning with occupational safety standards like OSHA guidelines. Positioning a fan to blow on toxins disperses them, increasing exposure risk, not reducing it. Immunizations protect against infectious diseases, not chemical toxins, making them irrelevant here. A disposable paper mask offers minimal protection against inhalable toxins compared to fitted respirators, which filter specific particle sizes or vapors. The nurse's advice to wear appropriate protective attire and devices empowers the employee to minimize lung damage, such as pneumoconiosis, by creating a physical barrier, the most effective primary prevention strategy in this context.
Question 2 of 5
A gerontologic nurse is teaching a group of medical nurses about the high incidence and mortality of pneumonia in older adults. What is a contributing factor to this that the nurse should describe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults' high pneumonia incidence and mortality partly stem from atypical presentations, lacking classic signs like cough, fever, or chest pain, which delays diagnosis. Aging alters immune responses and symptom expression e.g., confusion or lethargy may predominate over respiratory complaints complicating timely treatment, especially in frail or comorbid patients. Lung compliance decreases with age, but this structural change doesn't directly obscure symptoms. Older adults are prime candidates for pneumococcal vaccination (e.g., PPSV23), recommended at 65+, countering higher risk, not excluding them. Antibiotic tolerance varies individually, not universally limiting treatment. The nurse's focus on absent classic signs educates staff to suspect pneumonia in subtle presentations (e.g., falls, delirium), prompting earlier diagnostics (e.g., chest X-ray) and intervention, critical for reducing mortality in this vulnerable group.
Question 3 of 5
A patient arrives in the emergency department with an attack of acute bronchiectasis. Chest auscultation reveals the presence of copious secretions. What intervention should the nurse prioritize in this patients care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In acute bronchiectasis with copious secretions, postural chest drainage is the priority intervention, leveraging gravity to mobilize thick mucus from dilated bronchi, reducing obstruction and infection risk. This technique positioning the patient to drain specific lung segments (e.g., head-down for lower lobes) alleviates dyspnea and prevents atelectasis, a cornerstone of bronchiectasis management. Diuretics treat fluid overload, irrelevant to airway secretions. IV fluids may hydrate but don't directly thin bronchial mucus oral hydration or mucolytics are more apt. Pulmonary function testing assesses obstruction but doesn't clear secretions, delaying symptom relief. The nurse's focus on postural drainage, often paired with percussion, addresses the acute crisis's root mucus retention enhancing ventilation and supporting recovery in this chronic condition's exacerbation.
Question 4 of 5
An admitting nurse is assessing a patient with COPD. The nurse auscultates diminished breath sounds, which signify changes in the airway. These changes indicate to the nurse to monitor the patient for what?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diminished breath sounds in COPD, from airway narrowing or hyperinflation (e.g., emphysema), signal reduced ventilation, prompting the nurse to monitor for dyspnea and hypoxemia. Air trapping and obstruction lower air entry, audible as faint sounds, risking oxygen desaturation (hypoxemia) and shortness of breath (dyspnea) core COPD features. Kyphosis (spinal curvature) and clubbing (finger deformity) occur in advanced stages but aren't immediate concerns from diminished sounds. Sepsis and pneumothorax are complications, not direct sequelae of this finding sepsis needs systemic signs, pneumothorax absent sounds on one side. Bradypnea (slow breathing) contradicts COPD's tachypnea; pursed-lip breathing is a coping strategy, not a risk. Monitoring dyspnea and hypoxemia via symptoms and oximetry guides timely intervention (e.g., oxygen), per COPD care standards.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is precepting a student nurse and explains that perioperative nursing care occurs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Perioperative nursing care encompasses the full surgical experience before, during, and after surgery ensuring comprehensive patient support across all phases. Preadmission testing, part of the preoperative phase, involves assessments like lab reviews but doesn't cover the entire perioperative scope. Care during the surgical procedure, or intraoperative phase, focuses on the operation itself, while the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) represents the postoperative phase, aiding recovery. Each of these is a segment of perioperative care, but only 'before, during, and after surgery' captures the complete definition. This holistic approach reduces risks like infection or complications by integrating preparation, intervention, and recovery. The nurse's explanation to the student highlights this broad responsibility, emphasizing continuity from preoperative education to postoperative monitoring, aligning with standards to optimize patient outcomes and safety throughout the surgical journey.