A mother asks the nurse if her child's iron deficiency anemia is related to the child's frequent infections. The nurse responds based on the understanding of which of the following?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children with iron deficiency anemia are more susceptible to infection than are other children. Iron is essential for the immune system function, and its deficiency can weaken the body's ability to fight infections. This is why children with iron deficiency anemia are more prone to infections compared to those without the condition. Choice A is incorrect because studies have shown a clear link between iron-deficiency anemia and increased susceptibility to infections in children. Choice C is incorrect as iron deficiency impairs the immune system, making children more susceptible to infections. Choice D is incorrect as research supports that children with iron deficiency anemia have a higher risk of infections due to compromised immune function.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hipbone. Bone marrow samples are typically taken from the hipbone because it contains a rich source of bone marrow cells. The hipbone provides easier access to the bone marrow compared to other bones, making it a common site for bone marrow aspiration. Taking samples from the arm bone, breastbone, or leg bone can be more challenging and less efficient. Therefore, the hipbone is the preferred location for bone marrow extraction due to its accessibility and abundance of bone marrow cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (4.0-5.0). The normal range for total RBC count in women is typically between 4.0-5.0 million cells per microliter. This range represents the standard values accepted in clinical practice. Choice A (4.4-6) and D (4.2-5.2) are higher than the normal range for women, indicating polycythemia. Choice B (4.2-5) is slightly lower than the usual range, which could suggest anemia. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it falls within the expected range for total RBC count in women.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct: 1. Hydroxyurea is a medication used to treat conditions like sickle cell disease. 2. It increases hemoglobin production by stimulating the production of fetal hemoglobin. 3. This increase in hemoglobin levels leads to decreased reticulocyte count. 4. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells, and their count decreases as hemoglobin production increases. Summary: - Answer A is correct because hydroxyurea does increase hemoglobin production and decrease reticulocyte count. - Answer B is incorrect because hydroxyurea does have these effects. - Answer C is incorrect as these effects are consistent. - Answer D is incorrect as hydroxyurea can have these effects in both adults and children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sideroblastic anemia. This type of anemia is characterized by the bone marrow's inability to use iron properly for hemoglobin synthesis due to an inherited cause. Sideroblastic anemia is specifically associated with defects in heme synthesis, leading to the accumulation of iron in mitochondria. A: Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron intake or absorption. B: Hypochromic anemia refers to anemia with abnormally low levels of hemoglobin in red blood cells. C: Aplastic anemia is due to bone marrow failure, leading to decreased production of all blood cell types.