ATI LPN
Immune System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A measure of the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells is represented by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). MCHC represents the concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells. It is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the hematocrit value. MCV (A) represents the average volume of red blood cells, not hemoglobin concentration. Red cell width (B) is not a standard measure of hemoglobin concentration. MCH (C) represents the average amount of hemoglobin in individual red blood cells, not the concentration in a given volume.
Question 2 of 5
A client presents at the primary health care provider's office with complaints of a ring-like rash on his upper leg. Which question should the nurse ask first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Have you been camping in the last month?" This question is the first one to ask because the client presenting with a ring-like rash on the upper leg suggests a possible exposure to ticks, which are commonly found in outdoor environments like camping areas. Ticks can transmit Lyme disease, which often presents with a characteristic rash called erythema migrans. By asking about recent camping activities, the nurse can gather crucial information to assess the likelihood of a tick bite and the need for further evaluation or treatment. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the potential exposure to ticks from outdoor activities like camping. Asking about cats in the home (choice A) is more relevant for conditions like cat scratch fever. Inquiring about flu-like symptoms (choice C) and physical contact with others with a similar rash (choice D) may be important but are not as pertinent as determining outdoor activities that could lead to a tick bite.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the results of serum laboratory studies drawn on a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who is receiving didanosine. The nurse interprets that the client may have the medication discontinued by the health care provider if which elevated result is noted?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum amylase level. Elevated serum amylase levels indicate pancreatic toxicity, a known adverse effect of didanosine. The nurse should be concerned as this can lead to pancreatitis. Discontinuation of the medication is necessary to prevent further complications. A: Serum protein level is not directly related to didanosine toxicity. B: Blood glucose level is not typically affected by didanosine. D: Serum creatinine level is not typically affected by didanosine and does not indicate the need for discontinuation of the medication.
Question 4 of 5
A 60-year-old man with numbness, wide gait, prior gastrectomy, hypersegmented neutrophils on smear. Most likely cause?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin B12 deficiency. This patient presents with symptoms of ataxia, paresthesias, macrocytic anemia, and hypersegmented neutrophils, which are classic signs of B12 deficiency. The prior gastrectomy suggests impaired intrinsic factor production, leading to malabsorption of B12. Folic acid deficiency (Choice A) can also cause macrocytic anemia but does not typically present with neurological symptoms. Vitamin K deficiency (Choice C) leads to bleeding disorders, not neurological symptoms. Iron deficiency (Choice D) results in microcytic anemia and does not explain the neurological findings in this patient.
Question 5 of 5
A 43-year-old woman with fatigue, night sweats, itching, diffuse lymphadenopathy. Best next step?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excisional lymph node biopsy. Given the symptoms of fatigue, night sweats, itching, and diffuse lymphadenopathy, the best next step is to perform an excisional lymph node biopsy to determine the underlying cause, which could be lymphoma or another malignancy. This procedure provides a definitive diagnosis by examining the lymph node histology and immunophenotype. Choice B: Monospot test is used to diagnose infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, but it is not the most appropriate test for these symptoms. Choice C: Toxoplasmosis IgG is a test for Toxoplasma gondii infection, which is unlikely to be the cause of these symptoms. Choice D: Serum ACE level is useful for diagnosing sarcoidosis but is not the best initial test for these symptoms.