ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 9
A male client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is refusing to take his medication and has missed two hemodialysis appointments. What is the best initial action for the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exploring the client's feelings assesses acceptance, the critical first step.
Question 2 of 9
After several days of coughing and taking acetaminophen to treat temperatures of 101°F, a client with diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital with an upper respiratory infection. Several hours after admission, the client reports having a severe headache and feeling dizzy. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a diabetic client with a respiratory infection reporting severe headache and dizziness, the nurse should obtain a fingerstick glucose. These symptoms could indicate hypo- or hyperglycemia, common in diabetes during illness due to stress or altered intake, potentially worsened by acetaminophen masking fever. Antipyretics address fever, vital signs give general status, and sputum culture targets infection, but glucose checks directly address a life-threatening metabolic cause in this context, making it the priority.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse is caring for a patient who has kidney disease and an acid-base imbalance. In what way do the kidneys help maintain acid-base balance in the body?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidneys regulate acid-base balance by conserving or excreting bicarbonate ions (A) to buffer blood pH. Potassium (B) affects electrolytes, CO2 excretion (C) is pulmonary, and protein retention (D) is unrelated, making A the key mechanism.
Question 4 of 9
A nurse teaches a client about self-catheterization in the home setting. Which statements should the nurse include in this client's teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hand washing, lubrication, and scheduling ensure safe and effective self-catheterization.
Question 5 of 9
Which of the following diuretics inhibits (Naâº, 2Clâ», Kâº) cotransport in the loop of Henle as its primary action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, inhibits the Naâº/Kâº/2Clâ» cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle, blocking reabsorption of these ions, increasing urine output, and reducing blood volume. Thiazides (A) target the DCT, osmotic diuretics (B) work via osmolarity, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors affect HCO₃â», making C correct.
Question 6 of 9
A patient with somatic symptom disorder frequently visits the clinic with physical complaints. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms are primarily related to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Somatic symptoms often stem from unresolved psychological conflicts.
Question 7 of 9
Concerning the THICK loop of Henle:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The thick ascending loop uses a Na/K/2Cl pump to reabsorb salt (A), is impermeable to water/urea (B is false), and furosemide blocks this pump, producing dilute urine (C). A and C are true—salt is pumped out, furosemide dilutes urine—while B is incorrect, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.
Question 8 of 9
The kidneys are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kidneys manage blood volume, pressure, and pH via filtration and secretion.
Question 9 of 9
What does the presence of aldosterone in the blood cause?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in DCT.