ATI LPN
NP Practice Questions Pediatric Immunizations Questions
Question 1 of 5
A live, attenuated influenza vaccine is contraindicated in clients with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), administered nasally, is contraindicated in individuals with severe asthma because it can exacerbate respiratory conditions due to its replication in the nasal passages. Choice A (egg allergy) is not a contraindication for LAIV since current formulations have minimal egg protein, and ACIP allows its use in egg-allergic patients unless anaphylaxis history exists. Choice C (chronic diseases) is too vague—some chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes) are not contraindications, though immunocompromised states are. Choice D (active tuberculosis) is a precaution, not an absolute contraindication, though vaccination may be deferred. Severe asthma is the clearest contraindication here.
Question 2 of 5
Which bacterium is not spread through person to person contact?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetanus, caused by *Clostridium tetani*, is not spread person-to-person. It is acquired through environmental exposure (e.g., wound contamination with soil containing spores), not respiratory or direct contact. Meningococcal (*Neisseria meningitidis*), tuberculosis (*Mycobacterium tuberculosis*), and influenza Type B (*Haemophilus influenzae* type b, despite its name) are transmitted person-to-person via droplets or respiratory secretions, making Choice C the exception.
Question 3 of 5
An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An attenuated vaccine contains a live but weakened (attenuated) virus or bacteria that replicates minimally in the host, stimulating a strong immune response without causing disease (e.g., MMR, varicella). Choice A describes inactivated/killed vaccines, Choice B refers to combination vaccines (not attenuation), and Choice C describes toxoid vaccines (e.g., tetanus), making Choice D the correct definition.
Question 4 of 5
During a routine pediatric visit, a 6-month-old patient will need which of the following vaccines?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Per CDC guidelines, a 6-month-old at a routine visit receives RV (rotavirus, dose 3 if RotaTeq), DTaP (dose 3), Hib (dose 3), PCV (dose 3), and IPV (dose 3). HepA starts at 12 months, MMR and Varicella at 12-15 months, and influenza annually starting at 6 months (but requires 2 doses 4 weeks apart initially, not fully captured here). HepB dose 3 is typically at 6-18 months but often given earlier (e.g., birth, 1-2 months, 6 months). Choice C is the most accurate standard set without overcomplicating the schedule.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is discussing vaccines with the mother of a 4-year-old child who attends a day care center that requires the DTaP vaccine. The mother, who is pregnant, tells the nurse that she does not want her child to receive the pertussis vaccine because she has heard that the disease is 'not that serious' in older children. Which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pertussis is highly contagious and severe in newborns, who lack immunity. If the 4-year-old contracts it (e.g., at daycare), they could transmit it to the newborn (Choice B). Choice A is false—vaccinating the mother (Tdap recommended at 27-36 weeks) protects her and the baby, not vice versa. Choice C is irrelevant (mother’s pregnancy doesn’t affect child’s vaccination), and Choice D is incorrect (active immunity in the child doesn’t confer passive immunity to the fetus).