ATI LPN
Medical Surgical ATI Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A healthcare professional is participating in the emergency care of a client who has just developed variceal bleeding. What intervention should the healthcare professional anticipate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: IV administration of octreotide. Octreotide is indicated for variceal bleeding as it reduces portal venous pressure, decreases blood flow to varices, and inhibits release of vasoactive substances. It helps control bleeding and stabilize the patient. Heparin (A) is not indicated for variceal bleeding. Albumin (B) may be used for volume resuscitation but does not address the bleeding. Vitamin K (C) is used for coagulation disorders, not variceal bleeding.
Question 2 of 5
A client with hepatic encephalopathy exhibits confusion, difficulty arousing from sleep, and rigid extremities. Based on these clinical findings, what stage of hepatic encephalopathy should the nurse document?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stage 3. In hepatic encephalopathy, Stage 3 is characterized by severe confusion, difficulty arousing from sleep, and potential development of rigid extremities due to worsening brain function. This stage indicates significant impairment and requires immediate medical attention. Stage 1 and 2 are milder forms with less severe symptoms, while Stage 4 represents coma and severe neurological dysfunction, which is beyond the presented symptoms. Therefore, based on the client's clinical findings of confusion, difficulty arousing from sleep, and rigid extremities, Stage 3 is the most appropriate stage to document.
Question 3 of 5
A client has developed hepatic encephalopathy secondary to cirrhosis and is receiving care on the medical unit. The client's current medication regimen includes lactulose four times daily. What desired outcome should the nurse relate to this pharmacologic intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Two to three soft bowel movements daily. Lactulose is a laxative commonly used to manage hepatic encephalopathy by reducing ammonia levels through promoting bowel movements. The desired outcome of this medication is to prevent the buildup of ammonia in the bloodstream, which can exacerbate hepatic encephalopathy. Soft bowel movements indicate that the medication is effectively promoting bowel motility and reducing ammonia levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as lactulose is not directly associated with increasing appetite, resolving nausea and vomiting, or eliminating blood or mucus in the stool in this context.
Question 4 of 5
A client's healthcare provider has ordered a 'liver panel' in response to the client's development of jaundice. When reviewing the results of this laboratory testing, the nurse should expect to review what blood tests? Select one that doesn't apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: C-reactive protein (CRP). A liver panel typically includes tests such as ALT, GGT, and AST to assess liver function, but CRP is not part of a standard liver panel. CRP is a marker of inflammation and infection, not specific to liver function. Therefore, when reviewing the results of a liver panel for a client with jaundice, the nurse should not expect to see CRP among the blood tests.
Question 5 of 5
A client with diabetes has a new prescription for 14 units of regular insulin and 28 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously at breakfast daily. What is the total number of units of insulin that should be prepared in the insulin syringe?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 42 units. To calculate the total number of units of insulin to be prepared in the syringe, you need to add the units of regular insulin (14 units) and NPH insulin (28 units). Therefore, 14 units + 28 units = 42 units. This is the total amount of insulin that should be drawn up and administered subcutaneously. Summary of other choices: B: 14 units - This is only the amount of regular insulin and doesn't include the NPH insulin. C: 28 units - This is only the amount of NPH insulin and doesn't include the regular insulin. D: 32 units - This is the sum of 14 units of regular insulin and 18 units of NPH insulin, which is incorrect as the NPH insulin prescribed is 28 units, not 18 units.