ATI LPN
Quizlet LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
A group of objects with relationships is which?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A concept in nursing is a group of abstract ideas or objects linked by relationships, forming the building blocks of understanding like 'health' encompassing wellness and disease. Theory expands this, weaving concepts into a structured explanation, such as Orem's self-care model. Deductive reasoning starts with a general idea (e.g., all humans need oxygen) to infer specifics (this patient needs oxygen), while inductive reasoning observes specifics (patients improve with oxygen) to generalize. Concepts are foundational, enabling nurses to define and explore phenomena like pain's physical and emotional ties before theorizing. This abstraction aids in assessing client needs, planning care, and communicating effectively, grounding nursing in clear, relational ideas that evolve with practice and research, distinct from the logical processes of reasoning.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is planning a seminar about promoting healthy lifestyles for a group of older adults in the community. Which topics should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For older adults, a seminar on healthy lifestyles should cover key areas to boost wellness and prevent decline. Nutrition emphasizing balanced diets with calcium or fiber supports bone health and digestion, countering age-related risks like osteoporosis. Exercise, like walking or tai chi, maintains mobility and heart health, reducing falls crucial as muscle mass dips. Social activity combats isolation, linked to depression in seniors, fostering mental well-being via clubs or visits. Sleep habits address changes like lighter sleep promoting rest to aid cognition and immunity. All apply, but nutrition anchors the plan, as dietary needs shift with aging e.g., less sodium for hypertension. Nursing's role here blends these into actionable tips, leveraging evidence that holistic lifestyles cut chronic illness rates, ensuring older adults thrive, not just survive, in community settings.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse cares for an older adult client with congestive heart failure following a myocardial infarction. The client reports having difficulty breathing and states, 'I feel as if I am drowning when I lie down.' Which complication does the nurse recognize as contributing to this assessment finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client's symptoms difficulty breathing and a drowning sensation when lying down (orthopnea) point to pulmonary edema (C), a complication of congestive heart failure (CHF) post-myocardial infarction (MI). In CHF, the heart's pumping fails, causing fluid to back up into the lungs, worsening when supine due to increased venous return. Myocardial infarction (A) is the cause, not the complication. Panic attack (B) may mimic dyspnea but lacks the positional clue. Left ventricular hypertrophy (D) contributes to CHF but isn't the direct issue. C is correct. Rationale: Pulmonary edema's hallmark is fluid in alveoli, causing respiratory distress and orthopnea, a classic CHF progression post-MI, requiring urgent intervention like diuretics, unlike anxiety or structural changes.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is performing nasopharyngeal suctioning on a client and suddenly notes the presence of bloody secretions. Which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bloody secretions during nasopharyngeal suctioning suggest trauma; checking suction pressure (B) identifies if excessive force (e.g., >120 mm Hg) caused it, allowing adjustment. Continuing (A) or vigorous suctioning (D) risks further damage. Coughing (C) may not be feasible. B is correct. Rationale: Adjusting pressure prevents additional injury, a proactive step per airway management standards, balancing secretion removal with safety.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who was just admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of head trauma. Which clinical indicators should the nurse consider as evidence of increasing intracranial pressure? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased ICP from head trauma manifests as decreased level of consciousness (D), a key sign of brain compression. Vomiting (A) and irritability (B) are early indicators. Hypotension (C) is late, not initial. D is correct for CSV. Rationale: LOC decline reflects worsening ICP, a critical progression requiring immediate action like imaging or decompression, per neurotrauma standards, distinguishing it from earlier symptoms.