ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the 'O' in the team's PICO question refer to?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the PICO framework Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome the 'O' represents the outcome of interest, the goal the research aims to evaluate. Here, nurses are studying immobilized stroke clients (Population) and frequent turning (Intervention) versus the current schedule (Comparison). The outcome, preventing skin breakdown, is what they hope to achieve, measuring success through reduced pressure ulcers or improved skin integrity. This focus drives the study's design, as outcomes like ulcer incidence rates provide tangible data to assess the intervention's effectiveness. Stroke clients define the group, turning is the action, and the schedule is the baseline, but preventing skin breakdown is the endpoint, critical for evidence-based practice in enhancing care quality for vulnerable patients.
Question 2 of 5
The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The health care provider ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A colonoscopy for a gastrointestinal bleed falls under secondary care, where primary providers refer clients for specialized testing or consultation to diagnose and treat detected issues here, pinpointing bleeding's source. Primary care is initial contact, like a GP visit, not invasive diagnostics. Tertiary care involves complex hospital-based interventions, like surgery post-diagnosis, beyond this scope. Quaternary care, rare and experimental, doesn't apply. Secondary care's focus early detection via procedures aligns with nursing's role in facilitating timely diagnosis, as with this client's urgent bleed, ensuring swift management. This level bridges general health maintenance and advanced treatment, critical for acute conditions needing specialist input without full hospitalization.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is working with a client who has hypertension and wants to try lifestyle changes before beginning medications. Which nursing action promotes the client's health?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For a hypertensive client opting for lifestyle changes, promoting health means boosting non-drug control teaching walking benefits lowers blood pressure via cardio fitness, a primary prevention step aligning with nursing's empowerment ethos. Walking 30 minutes most days cuts systolic pressure, per studies, delaying or avoiding meds. Screening for kidney disease is secondary, checking damage, not promoting wellness here. Referring to a nutritionist aids diet but isn't the action teaching is. Planning heart failure care is tertiary, unrelated. This education suits the client's goal, offering a tangible, self-led option walking's free, rural-friendly enhancing adherence and confidence, a nursing strategy to shift health trajectories before pharmacology.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is told that an assigned client will have a fenestrated tracheostomy tube inserted. The nurse should provide the client with which information about this type of tube?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A fenestrated tracheostomy tube (A) allows speech by permitting air through the vocal cords. Rationale: The fenestration design supports phonation, aiding communication, unlike non-fenestrated tubes.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is performing tracheal suctioning on an assigned client. The nurse uses which parameter as the accurate indicator of the effectiveness of suctioning?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clear breath sounds (A) accurately indicate suctioning effectiveness, showing secretion removal. Infrequent suctioning (B) isn't a direct measure. Minor saturation (C) or rate (D) changes are less specific. A is correct. Rationale: Clear lungs confirm airway patency, the primary goal of suctioning, per respiratory care standards.