ATI LPN
Questions About the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A female 70 years old came to hospital with fever, headache, jaw pain, pain intense along the course of the superficial temporal artery. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Giant cell arteritis causes temporal artery pain, headache, and jaw claudication in older adults.
Question 2 of 5
A 55-year-old male came to the ER with hypertension crisis. What is the mechanism of action of the drug that needs to be given immediately in such a case?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sodium nitroprusside, used in hypertensive crisis, releases nitric oxide to dilate vessels.
Question 3 of 5
Which blood vessels leave the heart and transport blood to the lungs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
Question 4 of 5
A 30-year-old male smoker presents with gangrene of his extremities. Which one of the following histologic findings from a biopsy of the blood vessels supplying this area would be most suggestive of the diagnosis of Buerger's disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is characterized by segmental thrombosing vasculitis with microabscesses in the thrombus, commonly affecting young male smokers and leading to extremity gangrene.
Question 5 of 5
Histologic sections (routine H&E stain) of lung reveal the alveoli to be filled with pale, nongranular pink fluid. Neither leukocytes nor erythrocytes are present within this fluid. What is the most likely (i.e., most common) cause of this abnormality?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Congestive heart failure causes pulmonary edema, with transudative pink fluid in alveoli on histology, without inflammatory cells or blood.