A disorder of the digestive system that can cause severe dehydration is known as

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: diarrhea. Diarrhea is a disorder of the digestive system that leads to frequent and watery bowel movements, resulting in fluid loss and potential severe dehydration. It is essential to replace lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Choice A, appendicitis, is inflammation of the appendix and does not directly cause severe dehydration. Choice B, gallstones, is the formation of hardened deposits in the gallbladder and does not typically lead to dehydration. Choice C, constipation, is difficulty in passing stool and does not result in severe dehydration as seen in diarrhea.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: energy. Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration, which is crucial for active transport processes in tubule cells of nephrons. Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient. Acids (choice A) are not directly related to the function of mitochondria in energy production. Pigments (choice B) are not involved in cellular energy production. Enzymes (choice D) facilitate reactions but do not directly provide the energy needed for transport processes. In summary, the presence of large numbers of mitochondria in tubule cells suggests the requirement of energy for material transport, making choice C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dumping Syndrome. After gastric resection, rapid emptying of food into the small intestine can lead to symptoms like nausea, bloating, and diarrhea shortly after eating. This is characteristic of early dumping syndrome. Gastroparesis (A) involves delayed emptying of the stomach. Fascia dehiscence (B) refers to the separation of wound edges post-surgery. Somogyi effect (D) is related to rebound hyperglycemia in diabetes, not to the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relieved by eating. This is because food helps to neutralize stomach acid, providing temporary relief for duodenal ulcer pain. When the patient eats, the food acts as a buffer against the acid, reducing irritation and pain. The other choices are incorrect: A is not correct because pain after eating is typical of gastric ulcers, not duodenal ulcers. C is incorrect as duodenal ulcer pain is often related to meals due to increased acid secretion. D is incorrect as duodenal ulcer pain can occur at any time, not just at night.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: lamina propria. The lamina propria is the connective tissue layer of a mucous membrane located beneath the epithelium. It provides support and nourishment to the epithelial cells. The other choices are incorrect because: A) the submucosa is a layer deep to the lamina propria, containing glands, blood vessels, and nerves; B) subcutaneous tissue is found beneath the skin, not within mucous membranes; C) the papillary layer is part of the dermis of the skin, not associated with mucous membranes.