ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A corrective cardiac procedure in which a large piece of a patient's own latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated by an implanted pacemaker to assist the pumping action of a damaged heart.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiomyoplasty uses the latissimus dorsi muscle, wrapped around a failing heart and paced electrically, to aid pumping an older technique for severe heart failure. Myocardial infarction is heart attack damage, not a procedure. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital defect. Cardiomyopathy is disease, not repair. This muscle wrap boosts contractility, key in end-stage failure management, though less common now with ventricular assist devices, a historical cardiac support method.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse who is explaining the patho of COPD to a client includes the fact that alveolar destruction results in which manifestations? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alveolar destruction in COPD decreases surface area (A), increases dead space (C), and collapses airways (B) per document (1, 5). Emphysema reduces alveoli (300 to 150 million), cutting Oâ‚‚ diffusion (PaOâ‚‚ <80 mmHg). Elasticity loss (elastase excess) traps air (RV >120%), not emboli (D unrelated). A's gas exchange drop 50% less area drives hypoxemia, distinguishing it from D's vascular issue, while B and C compound dyspnea in COPD's obstructive pathology.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse would question an order for ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) ordered for a client with asthma if the client had which concurrent medical history?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glaucoma (A) contraindicates ipratropium (Atrovent), per document (1). This anticholinergic dilates pupils (mydriasis), raising intraocular pressure (e.g., >21 mmHg) in narrow-angle glaucoma, risking vision loss. Cushing's (B) is unrelated steroid issue. Warfarin (C) or fluid retention (D) don't interact. A's risk 10% incidence demands caution, unlike B's metabolic focus, per pharmacology texts.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse wears gloves when assessing a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After removing the gloves, what should the nurse's next action be?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene (D) post-glove removal prevents RSV spread, per document (4). Soap/water or alcohol (20-40 s) kills virus (10ⶠvirions/mL). Laundry (A) risks contamination. Inspection (B) is secondary. Reminding parents (C) isn't next. D's action 99% pathogen reduction upholds CDC contact precautions, unlike A's error.
Question 5 of 5
When we inhale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During inhalation, diaphragm and intercostal contraction expand the chest, increasing thoracic volume. This decreases alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure below atmospheric (e.g., -1 mmHg), pulling air in, and intrapleural pressure drops (e.g., -6 mmHg from -4 mmHg), keeping lungs adherent to the chest wall. Both pressures decreasing aligns with ventilation mechanics pressure drops drive airflow and lung expansion. Other options misalign: increased intrapleural pressure would collapse lungs; increased alveolar pressure occurs in exhalation. This dual decrease ensures efficient inspiration, a core principle in breathing dynamics, critical for understanding lung function and disorders like restrictive diseases altering pressure gradients.