A common, serious complication of rheumatic fever is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mitral valve scarring (B) is a significant rheumatic fever complication from inflammation. Arrhythmias (A), seizures (C), and hypertension (D) are not typical. Document: 'Cardiac valve damage is the most significant complication.'

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare, chronic obstructive lung disease following severe lower respiratory infection. Adenovirus (Choice A) is the virus most commonly associated with this complication, particularly after severe bronchiolitis in young children, due to its propensity for persistent airway injury. Human metapneumovirus (Choice B), influenza (Choice C), and parainfluenza (Choice D) can cause bronchiolitis but are less frequently linked to bronchiolitis obliterans. Adenovirus’s strong association makes it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A 5-day-old with severe heart failure, poor pulses, gallop rhythm, click, and ejection systolic murmur suggests critical aortic stenosis (Choice D). This congenital narrowing obstructs left ventricular outflow, causing heart failure and diminished pulses early in life. Arteriovenous malformation (Choice A) doesn’t cause this cardiac picture. Atrioventricular septal defect (Choice B) presents later with shunts. Coarctation (Choice C) affects lower pulses more. Critical aortic stenosis fits the acute onset and findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: HSV causes eczema herpeticum, a severe complication in atopic dermatitis due to impaired skin barriers (AAD). Other viruses (A-D) are less critical in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Vocal cord myopathy from inhaled glucocorticoids causes dysphonia via local steroid effects on laryngeal muscles (ATS). Fungal infection causes thrush, and C-E are unrelated.