ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions Perioperative Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
A colostomy is scheduled to be done on a patient who has severe Crohn's disease. What is the correct classification for this surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A colostomy for severe Crohn's disease is classified as restorative surgery because it aims to restore gastrointestinal function by bypassing inflamed areas, improving the patient's ability to manage the chronic condition. Palliative surgery focuses on symptom relief without addressing function, which doesn't fully capture the colostomy's purpose. Minor surgery underestimates the procedure's complexity and impact. Curative surgery eliminates disease, but Crohn's is incurable, making this inaccurate. The rationale centers on the restorative goal: the colostomy diverts stool to allow healing and maintain nutrition, enhancing quality of life in a chronic illness. This distinguishes it from curative (disease-ending) or palliative (comfort-focused) surgeries, aligning with nursing's emphasis on functional improvement.
Question 2 of 5
During surgery, what things do anesthesia personnel monitor, measure, and assess? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anesthesia personnel monitor cardiopulmonary function , level of anesthesia , vital signs (choice F, not listed), and intake/output . Room temperature and family concerns (choice E) aren't their focus. The rationale centers on physiological stability: tracking heart, lungs, anesthesia depth, and fluids ensures safe sedation and oxygenation. Nursing collaborates by observing these, but anesthesia's expertise drives real-time adjustments, critical for preventing overdose or hypoxia, distinct from environmental or emotional monitoring.
Question 3 of 5
Which medical condition increases a patient's risk for surgical wound infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus increases wound infection risk due to impaired immunity and healing. Anxiety , hiatal hernia , and amnesia don't directly affect wounds. The rationale explains pathophysiology: hyperglycemia in diabetes fosters bacterial growth and delays repair, elevating infection rates. Nursing monitors glucose and wound care, mitigating this common surgical risk, distinct from unrelated conditions.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who is 2 days postoperative for abdominal surgery states, 'I coughed and heard something pop.' The nurse's immediate assessment reveals an opened incision with a portion of large intestine protruding. Which statements apply to this clinical situation? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is an emergency with incision evisceration (choice E), requiring moist saline dressings . Dehiscence is partial; urgency understates severity. The rationale explains urgency: protruding intestines signal evisceration, a life-threatening event needing immediate surgery. Nursing covers with saline to prevent drying, calls for help, and stabilizes, distinguishing from dehiscence (outer split), prioritizing rapid intervention.
Question 5 of 5
Which intervention for postsurgical care of a patient is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention is splinting the wound for support during movement. Knee gatch risks pressure; massage risks emboli; prolonged bedrest increases complications. The rationale supports mobility: splinting reduces dehiscence risk during coughing or transfers, promoting healing. Nursing teaches this, contrasting with harmful (massage) or outdated (bedrest) practices, enhancing recovery safety.