ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A colleague's wife presents to your office, ill appearing, w/ severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. Dietary hx is not helpful. What should NOT be offered?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Empiric quinolones should not be offered without confirming the diagnosis as inappropriate antibiotic use can worsen outcomes like in Clostridioides difficile infections.
Question 2 of 5
75-y male presents with a fifteen-pound weight loss over the last 3 months. He denies fever, chills, or night sweats. Travel history is negative. Prior occupation significant for many years of mining. Medical history otherwise unremarkable. VS stable. Physical exam is normal with the exception of decreased breath sounds bilaterally. CT chest one year ago showed upper lobe scarring and nodularity along with eggshell calcifications in the hilar region. Tuberculin skin testing performed 6 months ago was negative. What is the most appropriate next step?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight loss and mining history (silicosis risk) with prior CT findings (eggshell calcifications) raise concern for progressive disease, possibly malignancy. A repeat CT chest is the best next step to assess interval change, per occupational lung disease workup.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure is most often associated with left-ventricular infarction and systemic hypertension. The ineffective pumping of the left ventricle results in an accumulation of blood within the pulmonary circulation. As a result, pulmonary congestion with dyspnea is an expected finding. Jugular vein distention is more often associated with right-sided failure. Peripheral edema is associated with right-sided failure. Hepatomegaly is not seen in pure left-sided edema.
Question 4 of 5
A 74 year old female presents to the ER with complaints of dyspnea, persistent cough, and unable to sleep at night due to difficulty breathing. On assessment, you note crackles throughout the lung fields, respiratory rate of 25, and an oxygen saturation of 90% on room air. Which of the following lab results confirms your suspicions of heart failure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) of 820 is elevated, confirming heart failure as it indicates cardiac stress and fluid overload, aligning with the symptoms described.
Question 5 of 5
Which action will be included in the plan of care for a patient who is receiving nicardipine(Cardene) to treat a hypertensive emergency?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent monitoring of BP is needed when the patient is receiving rapid-acting IV antihypertensive medications. This can be most easily accomplished with an automated BP machine or arterial line. The patient will require frequent assessments, so allowing 8 hours of undisturbed sleep is not reasonable. When patients are receiving IV vasodilators, bed rest is maintained to prevent decreased cerebral perfusion and fainting. There is no indication that this patient is nauseated or at risk for aspiration, so an NPO status is unnecessary.