A client with ureterolithiasis is preparing for discharge after a ureteroscopic removal. Which instructions should the nurse include in the client's postoperative discharge teaching?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client post-ureteroscopic removal to monitor urinary stream for decreased output. Ureterolithiasis involves kidney stones, and ureteroscopy can cause swelling or obstruction, risking urine flow blockage. Decreased output may signal complications like stricture or clot retention, requiring prompt reporting. Spirometry is for respiratory issues, activity restriction isn't routine unless specified, and pink-tinged hematuria is expected initially, making monitoring output critical for detecting post-op issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, found in the walls of the afferent arterioles within the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), serve as mechanoreceptors. They detect mechanical stretch caused by changes in blood pressure within the arteriole. When pressure drops, JG cells release renin to initiate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increasing blood pressure and GFR. Macula densa cells, in contrast, are chemoreceptors sensing tubular fluid composition, while podocytes and intercalated cells have unrelated functions, confirming B as the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Denervation of both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) supplies to the bladder, as with cauda equina injury, abolishes reflexes and sensations while enhancing intrinsic smooth muscle responses. This leads to a hypertonic, spastic bladder with uncontrolled periodic micturition due to local contractions. It's distinct from sensory-only loss or overflow states, and its association with cauda equina injury (e.g., tumor) makes B correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal plasma flow (RPF) is measured directly using substances like para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), which is filtered and secreted, with clearance equaling RPF (around 625 ml/min). Renal blood flow (RBF) is then calculated from RPF using hematocrit: RBF = RPF / (1 - hematocrit). Measuring RBF first isn't required, making B (False) correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Angiotensin II receptors (AT1) are prominently found in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, where they stimulate aldosterone release to increase Na⁺ reabsorption and blood pressure. While present in renal arterioles, their key endocrine role is in the adrenal gland, not JG cells (A), macula densa (B), or intercalated cells (D), making C correct.