ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with severe hypoxemia requires oxygen therapy. What is the appropriate delivery method for this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a client with severe hypoxemia, a non-rebreather mask (D) is the most appropriate delivery method because it delivers the highest oxygen concentration up to 95% via a reservoir bag and one-way valves that prevent rebreathing exhaled air, ensuring maximal oxygen intake. Nasal cannula (A) provides low flow (24-44% oxygen) and suits mild hypoxemia, not severe cases. Simple face mask (B) offers moderate oxygen (40-60%) for stable needs, inadequate for severe hypoxemia. Venturi mask (C) delivers precise oxygen (24-50%) for conditions like COPD but not the high levels needed here. The non-rebreather's design addresses acute oxygen deficits effectively, critical in emergencies like severe hypoxemia, aligning with respiratory care standards to prevent tissue hypoxia and organ damage, per AACN guidelines.
Question 2 of 5
An elderly client who experiences nighttime confusion wanders from his room into the room of another client. The nurse can best help decrease the client's confusion by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A night light reduces nighttime confusion in elderly clients by improving visibility, orienting them to their surroundings, and decreasing disorientation a common, non-invasive dementia strategy. Constant supervision, room-sharing, or sedatives are less practical or riskier, potentially increasing agitation or falls. Nurses implement this to enhance safety and comfort, minimizing wandering without restricting autonomy excessively.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following conditions is most likely related to the development of renal calculi?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gout increases renal calculi risk due to elevated uric acid levels forming stones, a metabolic link well-documented in nephrology unlike pancreatitis (calcium stones rarely), fractures, or disc disease, which lack direct renal impact. Nurses connect this condition to stone formation for prevention teaching, like hydration and dietary purine reduction, addressing a client's predisposition to this painful urologic issue.
Question 4 of 5
A client receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer has an order for Zofran (ondansetron) 8mg PO to be given 30 minutes before induction of the chemotherapy. The purpose of the medication is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Zofran (ondansetron), a 5-HT3 antagonist, prevents nausea pre-chemotherapy for breast cancer, blocking serotonin-mediated vomiting a standard antiemetic strategy. It doesn't affect anemia, relaxation, or neutrophils. Nurses time it 30 minutes prior for peak effect, ensuring comfort during treatment, critical for adherence and quality of life.
Question 5 of 5
The physician has ordered a 24-hour urine collection for a client. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discarding the first voiding starts a 24-hour urine collection accurately, as it reflects prior kidney output subsequent urine measures the exact period. Saving all, catheterizing, or hourly voiding skews or complicates results. Nurses explain this, ensuring precise diagnostic data for renal or metabolic assessment.