ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with osteoporosis is being discharged home. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Take calcium supplements with meals. Rationale: 1. Calcium is essential for bone health and helps prevent osteoporosis. 2. Taking calcium with meals enhances absorption. 3. Adequate calcium intake is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis. Summary: A: Avoiding weight-bearing exercises is incorrect as they are beneficial for bone health. C: Limiting vitamin D intake is incorrect as it is needed for calcium absorption. D: Increasing caffeine intake is incorrect as it can decrease calcium absorption and worsen osteoporosis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy. Which laboratory result indicates that the client is at risk for infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: White blood cell count of 2,000/mm3. A low white blood cell count indicates leukopenia, which increases the risk of infection in clients receiving chemotherapy. Hemoglobin level (choice A) and platelet count (choice B) are not directly related to infection risk. Serum creatinine level (choice D) is related to kidney function, not infection risk. In summary, a low white blood cell count is the most critical indicator for infection risk in clients undergoing chemotherapy.
Question 3 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled for a renal biopsy. Which pre-procedure instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid taking anticoagulant medications for one week before the biopsy. This is essential to prevent excessive bleeding during and after the procedure. Chronic kidney disease patients are at higher risk of bleeding due to impaired kidney function. A: Maintaining a low-protein diet is not directly related to the biopsy procedure and is not necessary. C: Drinking plenty of fluids may be beneficial for renal function but is not a specific pre-procedure instruction for a renal biopsy. D: Taking routine medications with water is important, but specific instructions regarding anticoagulant medications are more critical in this case.
Question 4 of 5
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec). Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Report any persistent cough to your healthcare provider. Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause a dry, persistent cough as a side effect. This cough can be a sign of a serious condition called angioedema. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to report any cough to their healthcare provider promptly to assess and manage it. Incorrect choices: A: Increasing intake of potassium-rich foods is not necessary when taking enalapril, as it does not typically cause potassium imbalances. C: Enalapril can be taken with or without food, so taking it with a full meal is not a specific instruction. D: Avoiding grapefruit juice is typically recommended for medications metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, which enalapril is not.
Question 5 of 5
When assessing a client with suspected meningitis, which finding is indicative of meningeal irritation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Both A and C. Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign are both indicative of meningeal irritation. Brudzinski's sign is when flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the hip and knee. Kernig's sign is when there is resistance or pain with knee extension after hip flexion. These signs suggest inflammation of the meninges, commonly seen in meningitis. Babinski reflex (choice B) is not specific to meningitis and is related to upper motor neuron dysfunction. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it includes the two most relevant signs for meningeal irritation, while the other choices are not directly associated with this condition.