ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec). Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Report any persistent cough to your healthcare provider. Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause a dry, persistent cough as a side effect. This cough can be a sign of a serious condition called angioedema. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to report any cough to their healthcare provider promptly to assess and manage it. Incorrect choices: A: Increasing intake of potassium-rich foods is not necessary when taking enalapril, as it does not typically cause potassium imbalances. C: Enalapril can be taken with or without food, so taking it with a full meal is not a specific instruction. D: Avoiding grapefruit juice is typically recommended for medications metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, which enalapril is not.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of gout is experiencing an acute attack. Which medication should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colchicine. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and pain. It works by decreasing the inflammatory response to urate crystals in the joints. Aspirin (choice A) is not recommended for gout treatment as it can worsen symptoms. Allopurinol (choice B) and Probenecid (choice D) are used for long-term management of gout by reducing uric acid levels and preventing future attacks, not for acute attacks. Colchicine is the appropriate choice for treating the client's acute gout symptoms.
Question 3 of 5
A client with chronic renal failure is scheduled to receive epoetin alfa (Epogen). Which laboratory result should the nurse review before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hemoglobin level. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys may not produce enough erythropoietin, leading to anemia. Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production. Therefore, reviewing the hemoglobin level is crucial to determine the need for the medication. Incorrect choices: A: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and B: Creatinine clearance are indicators of kidney function but not directly related to monitoring the effectiveness of epoetin alfa. D: Serum potassium is important in renal failure but not specifically needed to review before administering epoetin alfa.
Question 4 of 5
What action should the nurse take to prevent tracheal tissue damage in a client with a tracheostomy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to prevent tracheal tissue damage in a client with a tracheostomy is to use the minimal leak technique when inflating the cuff (Choice C). This technique helps maintain proper cuff pressure, preventing excessive pressure on the tracheal tissue. Securing the tracheostomy ties firmly (Choice A) may cause pressure ulcers on the neck. Changing the tracheostomy tube daily (Choice B) is unnecessary and may introduce infection. Cleaning the stoma with hydrogen peroxide (Choice D) can be too harsh and damaging to the delicate tracheal tissue.
Question 5 of 5
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing respiratory distress. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to position the client in a high Fowler's position first. This helps improve lung expansion and oxygenation, making it the priority intervention for a client with respiratory distress. Administering bronchodilators or obtaining an ABG sample can wait until the client's oxygenation is improved. Pursed-lip breathing can be helpful, but positioning is more critical in this situation.