A client with influenza asks the nurse how long they are contagious. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse explains that influenza contagiousness spans 24 hours before symptoms to 5 days after onset, per CDC data, reflecting the virus's shedding pattern highest early but persisting as the body clears it. This informs the client to isolate effectively, protecting others, especially vulnerable contacts. Being contagious only with fever is false viral shedding occurs without fever, especially later. Ten days overestimates typical shedding (up to 7 days in some, not standard), risking unnecessary isolation. Until feeling better is vague contagiousness ties to virology, not subjective wellness. This precise timeline empowers the client to manage transmission, balancing recovery with public health, critical in flu's rapid spread scenarios.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased mucosal gland depth (Reid index) (D) is a major morphological change in chronic bronchitis'. Choice A (lymphocyte infiltration) is true but less dominant. Choice B is false; goblet cells increase, especially in small airways. Choice C (smooth muscle hypertrophy) is asthma-related. Choice E (normal Reid index 0.4) is incorrect; it rises in disease. Page 722 emphasizes D's gland hyperplasia measured as gland-to-wall thickness ratio as the primary structural shift from chronic irritation, driving mucus production, unlike B's decrease or C's misplacement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bronchiectasis is sometimes caused by influenza infection (B), among pathogens like adenovirus or Staph aureus. Choice A is false; obstruction and infection together drive it, not infection alone. Choice C is incorrect; it's a feature of IBD (e.g., ulcerative colitis). Choice D is wrong; sputum is purulent, not clear. Choice E (CF from obstruction/infection) is true. Page 727 notes B's role post-influenza necrosis dilates airways, a known trigger, distinguishing it over A's sole etiology or D's sputum error.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Skin lesions occur in one-third to one-half of sarcoidosis patients (B), resembling SLE (Page 738-739). Choice A is false; spleen is affected microscopically in 75%, enlarged in 20%. Choice C is incorrect; muscle involvement is common but asymptomatic. Choice D is wrong; isolated hilar lymphadenopathy has a good prognosis. Choice E (65% recover) is true. Page 739 confirms B's frequency cutaneous involvement is significant, unlike A's rarity or C's symptom claim.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All listed features of Moraxella catarrhalis (A-C) are true, making D (none true) incorrect. Choice A is correct; it causes pneumonia in elderly. Choice B is accurate; it's second to H influenzae in COPD exacerbations. Choice C is true; it's a key otitis media pathogen in kids. Choice E (all true) aligns with text. Page 748 confirms A-C's roles M catarrhalis's gram-negative diplococcus nature targets vulnerable groups, contradicting D's denial with its established pathogenicity across these conditions.