ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with hypertension is receiving dietary education from a nurse. Which recommendation should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit your sodium intake to less than 2 grams per day. Sodium restriction is crucial in managing hypertension as it helps reduce blood pressure. Excessive sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and increased blood volume, worsening hypertension. This recommendation aligns with evidence-based guidelines for hypertension management. Incorrect choices: A: Increasing saturated fat intake is not recommended for hypertension, as it can lead to cardiovascular issues. C: Avoiding foods high in potassium is not advised, as potassium helps regulate blood pressure. D: Consuming alcoholic beverages daily can raise blood pressure and interfere with hypertension management.
Question 2 of 5
A client with chronic renal failure is prescribed erythropoietin (Epogen). Which outcome indicates that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improved hemoglobin levels. Erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells, leading to an increase in hemoglobin levels. This is the desired outcome in a client with chronic renal failure, as it helps alleviate anemia. Choice A is incorrect because increased urine output is not a direct indicator of erythropoietin effectiveness. Choice C is incorrect as erythropoietin does not directly impact blood pressure. Choice D is incorrect because stable potassium levels are not a primary outcome of erythropoietin therapy in chronic renal failure.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is planning care for a client with cirrhosis of the liver. Which intervention should the nurse include to reduce the risk of bleeding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Administer vitamin K as prescribed. Rationale: 1. Cirrhosis impairs liver function, leading to decreased synthesis of clotting factors, increasing the risk of bleeding. 2. Vitamin K is essential for synthesizing clotting factors; administering it helps improve clotting ability. 3. Monitoring for infection (A) is important but does not directly address the clotting issue. 4. Limiting protein intake (B) is not necessary for bleeding prevention in cirrhosis. 5. Encouraging fluid intake (D) is important for overall health but does not specifically reduce the risk of bleeding.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a history of chronic heart failure is experiencing severe shortness of breath and has pink, frothy sputum. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to place the client in a high Fowler's position (Choice B). This position helps improve lung expansion and oxygenation by reducing pressure on the diaphragm and improving ventilation. With severe shortness of breath and pink, frothy sputum, the priority is to optimize respiratory function. Administering morphine sulfate (Choice A) may be indicated later for pain and anxiety but is not the immediate priority. Initiating continuous ECG monitoring (Choice C) is important but not as urgent as addressing the respiratory distress. Preparing the client for intubation (Choice D) should be considered if respiratory distress worsens, but initial interventions should focus on improving oxygenation through positioning.
Question 5 of 5
A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with a foot ulcer. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client to promote healing of the ulcer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Keep the ulcer clean and dry. This instruction is essential for promoting healing of the foot ulcer in a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keeping the ulcer clean helps prevent infection, while keeping it dry promotes a better environment for healing. A: Applying a heating pad can increase the risk of burns and should be avoided. B: Wearing tight-fitting shoes can cause further damage and hinder healing. D: Limiting walking may reduce pressure on the ulcer, but mobility is important for circulation and overall health. Keeping the ulcer clean and dry is the most critical instruction.