ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with HIV infection has begun experiencing severe diarrhea. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help alleviate the diarrhea?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antidiarrheal medications on a scheduled basis, as prescribed. This is the most appropriate nursing intervention because antidiarrheal medications can help control severe diarrhea in clients with HIV infection. The medications can help reduce the frequency and urgency of bowel movements, leading to improved comfort and hydration levels for the client. Choice B is incorrect as simply encouraging the client to eat balanced meals will not directly address the severe diarrhea. Choice C, while important for overall health, may not directly alleviate the severe diarrhea without the addition of medications. Choice D is incorrect as increasing activity level may exacerbate the diarrhea and lead to further dehydration.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is a common treatment for polycythemia vera?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phlebotomy. Phlebotomy is a common treatment for polycythemia vera as it involves removing excess red blood cells from the body. This helps reduce the risk of blood clots and other complications associated with the condition. Bisphosphonates (A) are not used to treat polycythemia vera. A high-protein diet (B) and Vitamin C supplements (C) do not address the underlying issue of excess red blood cells in polycythemia vera.
Question 3 of 5
Which blood test result for a client being assessed for a hematologic problem indicates to the nurse that chronic anemia is likely?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: A high reticulocyte value indicates increased bone marrow production to compensate for chronic anemia. A low hematocrit indicates anemia severity but not chronicity. INR and platelet count are not specific to chronic anemia.
Question 4 of 5
A client was admitted with iron deficiency anemia and blood-streaked emesis. Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask in determining the extent of the client's activity intolerance?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. By asking the client what activities they were able to do 6 months ago compared to the present, the nurse can assess the decline in the client's activity level over time, providing valuable information on the extent of activity intolerance. This question helps establish a baseline and track changes in the client's functional status. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the duration of the problem rather than the client's current activity tolerance. Choice C does not directly address the client's activity level but rather their ability to keep up with usual activities. Choice D is also incorrect as it only asks about tiredness and does not provide a direct comparison of the client's activity level over time.
Question 5 of 5
Aplastic anemia is a disorder in which the bone marrow cells that develop into mature blood cells become damaged. The damaged bone marrow cells can lead to low numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and/or platelets. When the cause of aplastic anemia cannot be diagnosed, the cause is likely which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Choice A (Correct Answer - An autoimmune disorder): 1. Aplastic anemia is often associated with autoimmune disorders where the immune system attacks the bone marrow cells. 2. In aplastic anemia of unknown cause, autoimmune reactions are a common underlying mechanism. 3. Autoimmune disorders can disrupt the bone marrow's ability to produce healthy blood cells. Summary of Other Choices: B: Chemotherapy drugs - While chemotherapy can cause aplastic anemia, the question specifies an unknown cause. C: Radiation exposure - Radiation exposure can lead to aplastic anemia, but the question specifies an unknown cause. D: Toxins - Toxins can contribute to aplastic anemia, but the question implies an undiagnosed origin.