ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled for a renal biopsy. Which pre-procedure instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid taking anticoagulant medications for one week before the biopsy. This is essential to prevent excessive bleeding during and after the procedure. Chronic kidney disease patients are at higher risk of bleeding due to impaired kidney function. A: Maintaining a low-protein diet is not directly related to the biopsy procedure and is not necessary. C: Drinking plenty of fluids may be beneficial for renal function but is not a specific pre-procedure instruction for a renal biopsy. D: Taking routine medications with water is important, but specific instructions regarding anticoagulant medications are more critical in this case.
Question 2 of 5
When assessing a client with suspected meningitis, which finding is indicative of meningeal irritation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Both A and C. Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign are both indicative of meningeal irritation. Brudzinski's sign is when flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the hip and knee. Kernig's sign is when there is resistance or pain with knee extension after hip flexion. These signs suggest inflammation of the meninges, commonly seen in meningitis. Babinski reflex (choice B) is not specific to meningitis and is related to upper motor neuron dysfunction. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it includes the two most relevant signs for meningeal irritation, while the other choices are not directly associated with this condition.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a history of gout is experiencing an acute attack. Which medication should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colchicine. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and pain. It works by decreasing the inflammatory response to urate crystals in the joints. Aspirin (choice A) is not recommended for gout treatment as it can worsen symptoms. Allopurinol (choice B) and Probenecid (choice D) are used for long-term management of gout by reducing uric acid levels and preventing future attacks, not for acute attacks. Colchicine is the appropriate choice for treating the client's acute gout symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chronic renal failure is scheduled to receive epoetin alfa (Epogen). Which laboratory result should the nurse review before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hemoglobin level. In chronic renal failure, the kidneys may not produce enough erythropoietin, leading to anemia. Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production. Therefore, reviewing the hemoglobin level is crucial to determine the need for the medication. Incorrect choices: A: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and B: Creatinine clearance are indicators of kidney function but not directly related to monitoring the effectiveness of epoetin alfa. D: Serum potassium is important in renal failure but not specifically needed to review before administering epoetin alfa.
Question 5 of 5
What action should the nurse take to prevent tracheal tissue damage in a client with a tracheostomy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to prevent tracheal tissue damage in a client with a tracheostomy is to use the minimal leak technique when inflating the cuff (Choice C). This technique helps maintain proper cuff pressure, preventing excessive pressure on the tracheal tissue. Securing the tracheostomy ties firmly (Choice A) may cause pressure ulcers on the neck. Changing the tracheostomy tube daily (Choice B) is unnecessary and may introduce infection. Cleaning the stoma with hydrogen peroxide (Choice D) can be too harsh and damaging to the delicate tracheal tissue.