ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is admitted in preparation for surgery. Which finding should be reported to the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Complaints of lower back pain in an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patient signal possible rupture or expansion, requiring immediate reporting normal creatinine (0.8mg/dL), BP (110/62), and WBC (9,000cu/mm) don't indicate urgency. Nurses prioritize this symptom, as it may precede hemodynamic instability, necessitating urgent surgical intervention to prevent fatal hemorrhage in this vascular emergency.
Question 2 of 5
When an infant is vomiting uncontrollably, it is important for the nurse to assess which complications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uncontrollable vomiting in infants leads to significant fluid and electrolyte loss, requiring careful nursing assessment. Acidosis (choice A) occurs when acid accumulates, typically from diarrhea, not vomiting. Alkalosis (choice B) results from losing gastric acid (HCl) through vomiting, raising blood pH, a common complication in infants with prolonged emesis, such as in pyloric stenosis. Hypokalemia (choice C) can also occur due to potassium loss in vomit, especially if vomiting persists, but it's secondary to the acid-base shift. Hyperkalemia (choice D) is unlikely, as vomiting depletes rather than increases potassium. Alkalosis is the correct answer (B) because the loss of acidic stomach contents directly causes metabolic alkalosis, a priority concern in infants due to their limited compensatory mechanisms. Nurses must monitor respiratory rate (to detect compensation) and administer fluids/electrolytes to correct this imbalance, preventing further complications like seizures or cardiac issues, emphasizing the urgency of early intervention.
Question 3 of 5
At term approximate placental weight is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The placenta grows throughout pregnancy to support the fetus. At term (37-40 weeks), its weight averages 500-600 g (choice B), about 1/6th of fetal weight, reflecting its role in nutrient exchange. 300 g (choice A) is too light, typical of earlier gestation. 700 g (choice C) or 900 g (choice D) suggest pathology (e.g., diabetes, hydrops). B is correct, aligning with obstetric norms. Nurses assess placental health post-delivery, noting weight and appearance, ensuring no retained tissue causes postpartum complications.
Question 4 of 5
What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations when two rescuers perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric CPR with two rescuers, efficiency improves. 30:1 (choice A) and 30:2 (choice B) are adult ratios. 15:1 (choice C) isn't standard. 15:2 (choice D) is correct for children (1 month to puberty), per AHA, balancing circulation and oxygenation with less interruption. Nurses coordinate compressions (100-120/min) and breaths, ensuring effective resuscitation.
Question 5 of 5
The primary cause of pain in inflammation is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary cause of pain in inflammation is compression of local nerve endings by edema fluids (C). Swelling from increased capillary permeability presses on nerves, triggering pain signals. Pain mediators (A) like prostaglandins sensitize nerves but aren't the primary cause. Nerve injury (B) may occur but isn't typical in inflammation's onset. Reduced circulation (D) causes ischemia-related pain, not inflammation's hallmark. Edema's mechanical pressure directly stimulates nociceptors, aligning with inflammation's sequence and making C the correct answer.