ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with Alzheimer's disease is experiencing memory loss. The nurse understands that the primary cause of this condition is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease involves neurodegeneration and accumulation of amyloid plaques.
Question 2 of 5
A patient on hemodialysis is given sevelamer hydrochloride with meals. What is the primary reason?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sevelamer binds phosphorus to prevent bone damage.
Question 3 of 5
Given the following conditions: Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 15 mm Hg, Glomerular plasma osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg, Glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 75 mm Hg, What is the NET FILTRATION RATE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Net filtration pressure (NFP) = Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (75 mm Hg) - (Capsular hydrostatic pressure (15 mm Hg) + Glomerular osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)) = 75 - (15 + 25) = 35 mm Hg (A). This drives filtration; 85 (B), 65 (C), and 115 (D) miscalculate, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
In the female urinary system, the urethral orifice is situated posterior to the vaginal orifice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In females, the urethral orifice is anterior to the vaginal orifice (B), not posterior, due to anatomical positioning (urethra above vagina). True (A) reverses this, making B correct.
Question 5 of 5
The micturition center is located in the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The micturition center in the pons (A) coordinates the reflex via parasympathetic signals, not medulla (B), cerebellum (C), or basal ganglia (D), making A the control site.