ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with Addison's disease is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Which priority intervention should the nurse anticipate to be included in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV hydrocortisone is urgent in Addisonian crisis to replace deficient cortisol.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse correlates flank pain to which disorder in the patient with hyperparathyroidism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated serum calcium levels caused by hyperparathyroidism can lead to renal calculi. Manifestations of renal calculi include flank pain.
Question 3 of 5
What are the signs of hypoglycaemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia causes neurogenic symptoms like dizziness, sweating, and confusion due to low glucose availability to the brain.
Question 4 of 5
A 7-year-old boy has become less active over the past 10 days. On physical examination, the boy has facial puffiness. Urinalysis shows no blood, glucose, or ketones, and microscopic examination shows no casts or crystals. The serum creatinine level is normal. A 24-hour urine collection yields 3.8 g of protein. He improves after corticosteroid therapy. He has two more episodes of proteinuria over the next 4 years, both of which respond to corticosteroid therapy. What is the most likely mechanism causing his disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Steroid-responsive proteinuria in a child is typical of minimal change disease, in which the kidney looks normal by light microscopy, but fusion of foot processes is visible with electron microscopy. The most likely cause of foot process fusion is a primary injury to visceral epithelial cells caused by T cell-derived cytokines. Acute cellular renal transplant rejection is mediated by T cell injury with tubulitis. IgA nephropathy with mesangial IgA deposition and consequent glomerular injury causes recurrent gross or microscopic hematuria and, far less commonly, nephrotic syndrome. Immune complex deposition in membranous nephropathy can cause nephrotic syndrome, but is less common in children than in adults and is not steroid responsive. Certain verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome by injury to capillary endothelium.
Question 5 of 5
A 19-year-old woman has had a fever and chills accompanied by right flank pain for the past 3 days. She has had two similar episodes during the past year. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.3°C, her blood pressure is 152/94 mm Hg, and there is right costovertebral angle tenderness. Laboratory findings show a serum glucose level of 77 mg/dL and creatinine level of 1 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows a pH of 6.5; specific gravity, 1.018; and no protein, blood, glucose, or ketones. Microscopic examination of the urine shows many WBCs and WBC casts. Which of the following is the most useful test to obtain on this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In younger persons presenting with recurrent acute pyelonephritis, a search for acquired or congenital conditions producing obstruction or reflux is extremely important. Culture helps identify organisms resistant to antibiotic therapy. The pathogenesis of ascending urinary tract infections involves bacteria ascending from the urinary bladder into the ureter and the pelvis. Urinary tract infections generally are more common in females because of their shorter urethra, but in the absence of abnormalities of the urinary tract, the infections tend to remain localized in the urinary bladder.