ATI LPN
Medical Surgical ATI Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with acute pancreatitis is admitted to the hospital. What is the priority nursing intervention for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a client with acute pancreatitis is maintaining NPO status and administering IV fluids (Choice C). This is because pancreatitis causes inflammation of the pancreas, leading to digestive enzyme release and auto-digestion of pancreatic tissue. By keeping the client NPO, it helps rest the pancreas and decrease enzyme secretion, which can reduce further damage. Administering IV fluids is crucial to maintain hydration and replace lost fluids due to vomiting or decreased oral intake. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they focus on dietary interventions such as oral pancreatic enzymes, high-protein, or low-fat diet, which are not appropriate as initial priorities in the acute phase of pancreatitis.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of chronic alcohol abuse is at risk for which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Liver cirrhosis. Chronic alcohol abuse is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis due to the toxic effects of alcohol on the liver over time. Alcohol metabolism leads to liver inflammation, scarring, and ultimately cirrhosis. Renal failure (B) is not directly linked to alcohol abuse but can occur in severe cases. COPD (C) is primarily caused by smoking, not alcohol abuse. Peptic ulcer disease (D) can be exacerbated by alcohol but is not directly caused by chronic alcohol abuse. Therefore, the most significant risk for a client with a history of chronic alcohol abuse is developing liver cirrhosis.
Question 3 of 5
After a client with ascites due to liver cirrhosis undergoes a paracentesis, what should the nurse do post-procedure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor the client's blood pressure and heart rate. Post-paracentesis, there is a risk of hypotension due to sudden fluid shift. Monitoring BP and HR is crucial to detect and manage any hemodynamic changes promptly. Encouraging fluid intake (choice A) may exacerbate ascites. Positioning flat (choice C) may lead to hypotension. Administering furosemide (choice D) without monitoring vital signs can worsen hypotension.
Question 4 of 5
A client reports recent exposure to hepatitis A. What is a common mode of transmission for this virus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fecal-oral route. Hepatitis A is commonly transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. The virus is present in the feces of infected individuals and can be spread through inadequate sanitation practices. Blood transfusion (A) is not a common mode of transmission for hepatitis A. Needle sharing (C) is more associated with hepatitis B and C transmission. Sexual contact (D) is not a primary mode of transmission for hepatitis A. In summary, the fecal-oral route is the most common mode of transmission for hepatitis A due to contamination of food or water with the virus.
Question 5 of 5
A client with hepatic encephalopathy is being treated with lactulose. What is an expected outcome of this treatment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Lactulose works by reducing blood ammonia levels through promoting its excretion in the stool. 2. Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by elevated blood ammonia levels affecting brain function. 3. Therefore, the expected outcome of lactulose treatment is a reduction in blood ammonia levels, improving the client's condition. Summary: - Reduction in blood ammonia levels is the correct outcome as lactulose targets this mechanism. - Improvement in liver enzyme levels and decrease in bilirubin levels are not direct effects of lactulose. - Increase in urine output is not a typical outcome of lactulose treatment for hepatic encephalopathy.