ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) develops altered mental status and decreased oxygen saturation. What is the primary indication for initiating oxygen therapy in this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ensuring adequate oxygen supply to the brain (D) is the primary indication for oxygen therapy in TBI with altered status and low SpO2, preventing hypoxic brain damage. Cerebral edema (A) or BP stabilization (C) involves other interventions. Neurological improvement (B) follows oxygenation. Adequate oxygen supports cerebral metabolism, per neurotrauma care, critical to limit secondary injury.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following snacks would be suitable for the child with gluten-induced enteropathy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Buttered popcorn is suitable for gluten-induced enteropathy (celiac disease), as corn is naturally gluten-free, unlike oatmeal, wheat bread, or pizza crust, which contain gluten and damage the intestine. Nurses guide dietary choices to avoid gluten, preventing malabsorption and symptoms like diarrhea, ensuring nutritional health for affected children.
Question 3 of 5
A 3-year-old is immobilized in a hip spica cast. Which discharge instruction should be given to the parents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Avoiding dolls or small toys prevents them from lodging in the spica cast, reducing skin irritation or infection risks for a 3-year-old a practical discharge tip. Flat beds, coloring books, or calorie boosts are less critical or unrelated to cast care. Nurses stress this to maintain cast integrity, ensuring safe immobilization for hip healing.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing a client with a history of atrial fibrillation for discharge. Which statement by the client indicates that he understood the nurse's teaching regarding warfarin (Coumadin)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reporting bruising indicates understanding of warfarin's anticoagulant effect, as excessive bleeding is a key risk in atrial fibrillation management, requiring physician oversight reflecting proper teaching. Spinach (high vitamin K) counters warfarin, blood tests (INR) are routine, and dosing is daily, not weekly. Nurses reinforce this vigilance, ensuring clients monitor for bleeding to balance clot prevention with safety.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with laryngeal cancer. Which finding ascertained in the health history would be a contributing factor to the development of his cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for laryngeal cancer, as carcinogens in tobacco directly irritate the laryngeal mucosa, leading to cellular changes over time unlike a vegetarian diet, low alcohol, or exercise, which lack this link. Nurses assess smoking history (pack-years) to identify causation, educating clients on cessation to reduce recurrence or progression risks, critical in oncology care planning.