ATI LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 9
A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'You should monitor your carbohydrate intake.' Monitoring carbohydrate intake is essential for managing blood glucose levels in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. By monitoring carbohydrate intake, individuals can make informed decisions about their dietary choices and better control their blood sugar levels. Avoiding foods that contain carbohydrates (choice A) is not advisable as carbohydrates are an essential nutrient that can be consumed in moderation. Decreasing intake of high-fiber foods (choice B) is not recommended as fiber is beneficial for glycemic control and overall health. Increasing intake of high-protein foods (choice C) is not the primary focus of dietary management for type 2 diabetes; while protein is important, it is more crucial to monitor carbohydrate intake for effective blood sugar management.
Question 2 of 9
Which of the following statement best describe nursing code of ethics?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nursing code of ethics is moral guidelines for nurses (B), per ANA e.g., duty, respect. Not hospital (A), not contract (C), not request (D) profession-wide. B best defines its ethical framework, guiding Mr. Gary's nurse, making it correct.
Question 3 of 9
When should the client test his blood sugar levels for greater accuracy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before meals e.g., fasting glucose offers accurate baseline sugar levels, unlike during (eating), between (variable), or post-meal (spike). Nurses advise this e.g., AM checks for diabetes monitoring, per endocrinology standards.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse chose to respect Mr. Gary's refusal of care. This is an example of?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respecting care refusal is ethics (A) moral decision, per principles (autonomy). Promotion (B) prevents, coordination (C) organizes, informatics (D) tech not ethics-specific. A fits moral choice, making it correct.
Question 5 of 9
Neonate of diabetic mother is at risk for all of the following except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neonates of diabetic mothers (NDM) face metabolic challenges due to maternal hyperglycemia. Hypoglycemia (choice A) occurs because fetal hyperinsulinemia, triggered by high maternal glucose, persists after birth when glucose supply drops. Hypocalcemia (choice B) arises from delayed parathyroid hormone response, common in NDMs. Hyperglycemia (choice C) is less likely postnatally; it's a maternal issue, not a neonatal risk, as the infant's insulin levels typically normalize glucose after delivery. Hyperbilirubinemia (choice D) results from increased red blood cell breakdown, often linked to polycythemia in NDMs. Choice C is correct because hyperglycemia is not a typical risk after birth; instead, hypoglycemia dominates due to insulin excess. Nurses must monitor blood glucose closely in the first hours, provide calcium if needed, and watch for jaundice, ensuring timely management of these interconnected risks to prevent seizures, bone issues, or kernicterus.
Question 6 of 9
A pediatric client with burns to the hands and arms has dressing changes with Sulfamylon (mafenide acetate) cream. The nurse is aware that the medication:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sulfamylon cream causes a burning sensation on application to burns, a known effect due to its penetration into damaged tissue, requiring pain management a pediatric care priority. Staining, cooling, or thyroid impact aren't typical. Nurses prepare for this, using analgesics to ease discomfort, supporting healing in young clients.
Question 7 of 9
A client with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, decreasing the intake of phosphorus-rich foods is essential as impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus, causing an imbalance. This can result in bone and heart complications. Therefore, educating the client to reduce phosphorus intake is crucial for managing the disease and preventing further complications. Option A is incorrect because excessive protein intake can burden the kidneys. Option C is not directly related to the management of chronic kidney disease. Option D is also incorrect as potassium intake may need to be limited in certain stages of kidney disease.
Question 8 of 9
A client with a traumatic brain injury has an intracranial pressure (ICP) of $15 \mathrm{mmHg}$ and a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of $90 \mathrm{mmHg}$. What is the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CPP = MAP - ICP; 90 - 15 = 75 mmHg (B). Other options (A, C, D) miscalculate. B is correct. Rationale: CPP of 75 mmHg is within normal (60-100), ensuring brain perfusion, per neurocritical care, critical for TBI outcomes.
Question 9 of 9
Mr. Gary is worried about his safety after a robbery. This is an example of which Maslow's need?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Worrying about safety post-robbery is Safety (B) Maslow's second level, security needs. Physiological (A) is basic survival, belongingness (C) social, self-actualization (D) fulfillment not safety-focused. B fits protection concern, making it correct.