ATI LPN
Adult Medical Surgical ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for chest pain. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the tablet under your tongue. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used to relieve chest pain in patients with MI. Placing the tablet under the tongue allows for rapid absorption through the oral mucosa, providing quick relief. Taking it with food (A) may delay absorption. Swallowing the tablet whole (B) would result in slower absorption through the GI tract. Taking it at bedtime (C) is not necessary for immediate relief of chest pain.
Question 2 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled for hemodialysis. Which pre-dialysis assessment finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg. High blood pressure can worsen kidney function and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications during hemodialysis. The nurse should report this finding to the healthcare provider for prompt management. A: Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq/L is slightly elevated but not an immediate concern before hemodialysis. C: Heart rate of 80 beats per minute is within normal range and not a priority assessment for pre-dialysis. D: Serum sodium of 140 mEq/L is within normal limits and does not require immediate attention before hemodialysis.
Question 3 of 5
The client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being taught about dietary modifications by the nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid lying down immediately after eating. This instruction helps prevent acid reflux by allowing gravity to aid in digestion. Lying down can cause stomach acid to flow back up the esophagus, exacerbating GERD symptoms. Increasing intake of spicy foods (A) can irritate the esophagus, consuming a high-fat diet (C) can delay stomach emptying and worsen symptoms, and drinking caffeinated beverages with meals (D) can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to more reflux.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed tiotropium (Spiriva). Which instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rinse your mouth after using the inhaler. This instruction is important because tiotropium is an inhaled medication that can cause dry mouth and increase the risk of oral thrush. Rinsing the mouth after each use helps reduce these side effects. A: Using the medication only during acute exacerbations is incorrect because tiotropium is a maintenance medication for COPD to improve lung function and reduce symptoms. C: Taking the medication with food is unnecessary as tiotropium can be taken with or without food. D: Increasing fluid intake to at least 3 liters per day is not specifically related to tiotropium use and is not necessary for all COPD patients.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) who is receiving warfarin (Coumadin). Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prothrombin time (PT). Warfarin affects the clotting process by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Monitoring PT helps assess the effectiveness of warfarin therapy and prevent complications like bleeding. Platelet count (A) is important but not directly affected by warfarin. Hemoglobin level (C) and white blood cell count (D) are not typically affected by warfarin therapy.