ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client who is receiving heparin therapy has an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 90 seconds. What action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Notify the healthcare provider. A prolonged aPTT of 90 seconds indicates the client is at risk for bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation from heparin therapy. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider immediately to adjust the dosage or consider discontinuing heparin to prevent bleeding complications. Increasing the heparin infusion rate (A) would worsen the risk of bleeding. Applying pressure to the injection site (C) is not appropriate in this situation. Administering protamine sulfate (D) is the antidote for heparin overdose, but it is not the first action to take in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
A client with osteoporosis is being discharged home. Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Take calcium supplements with meals. Rationale: 1. Calcium is essential for bone health and helps prevent osteoporosis. 2. Taking calcium with meals enhances absorption. 3. Adequate calcium intake is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis. Summary: A: Avoiding weight-bearing exercises is incorrect as they are beneficial for bone health. C: Limiting vitamin D intake is incorrect as it is needed for calcium absorption. D: Increasing caffeine intake is incorrect as it can decrease calcium absorption and worsen osteoporosis.
Question 3 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing hyperkalemia. Which intervention should the nurse implement to address this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer calcium gluconate. Calcium gluconate is used to stabilize the cardiac membrane in hyperkalemia, preventing dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. It does not lower potassium levels but helps protect the heart. B: Encouraging a diet high in potassium would worsen hyperkalemia. C: Providing potassium supplements would further elevate potassium levels. D: Restricting sodium intake does not directly address hyperkalemia.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy. Which laboratory result indicates that the client is at risk for infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: White blood cell count of 2,000/mm3. A low white blood cell count indicates leukopenia, which increases the risk of infection in clients receiving chemotherapy. Hemoglobin level (choice A) and platelet count (choice B) are not directly related to infection risk. Serum creatinine level (choice D) is related to kidney function, not infection risk. In summary, a low white blood cell count is the most critical indicator for infection risk in clients undergoing chemotherapy.
Question 5 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled for a renal biopsy. Which pre-procedure instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid taking anticoagulant medications for one week before the biopsy. This is essential to prevent excessive bleeding during and after the procedure. Chronic kidney disease patients are at higher risk of bleeding due to impaired kidney function. A: Maintaining a low-protein diet is not directly related to the biopsy procedure and is not necessary. C: Drinking plenty of fluids may be beneficial for renal function but is not a specific pre-procedure instruction for a renal biopsy. D: Taking routine medications with water is important, but specific instructions regarding anticoagulant medications are more critical in this case.