A client who has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been admitted for the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse associate with this complication of AIDS?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Impaired skin integrity related to Kaposi sarcoma. Kaposi sarcoma is a type of cancer that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause skin lesions that may lead to impaired skin integrity. The nurse should prioritize this nursing diagnosis to prevent infection and promote healing. Choice A is incorrect as disuse syndrome is not directly related to Kaposi sarcoma. Choice C is incorrect as diarrhea is not a common manifestation of Kaposi sarcoma. Choice D is incorrect as impaired swallowing is not typically associated with Kaposi sarcoma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A significant blood pressure change from $130 / 90 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ to $148 / 98 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ indicates a potential hypertensive crisis which could be a serious adverse effect of epoetin alfa. Holding the dose and notifying the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent further complications. A: A hematocrit of $28 \%$ is low but expected in bone marrow suppression and is not an immediate concern. B: A total white blood cell count of 6200 cells $/ \mathrm{mm} 3$ is within normal range and not a reason to hold the dose. D: A temperature change from $99^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ to $100 \mathrm{~F}$ is a mild elevation and not directly related to epoetin alfa administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measuring hemoglobin or hematocrit levels in a blood sample. This is the most common way to confirm a diagnosis of anemia because anemia is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels. By measuring these levels in a blood sample, healthcare professionals can determine if a patient's red blood cell count is below the normal range, indicating anemia. Choice B is incorrect because a cardiac stress test measures the heart's ability to respond to external stressors, not related to diagnosing anemia. Choice C is incorrect because measuring the number of red blood cells in a bone marrow sample is not the most common method for confirming anemia. Choice D is incorrect because visually examining the color of a blood sample is not a reliable or accurate method for diagnosing anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Starting a 24- to 48-hour urine specimen collection. The Schilling test is used to diagnose pernicious anemia by evaluating vitamin B12 absorption. Collecting urine over 24-48 hours helps measure excretion of radioactive B12, indicating absorption. Administering methylcellulose (A) is not part of the Schilling test. Maintaining NPO status (C) is unnecessary for this test. Starting a 72-hour stool specimen collection (D) is not relevant as the test primarily focuses on urine collection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume). MCV measures the average volume of red blood cells, with the normal range being 82-98 fl. This parameter helps in determining the size of red blood cells. MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) measures the average amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells, not size. MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) measures the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells, not size. RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) measures the variation in red blood cell size, not the average size. Therefore, MCV is the correct choice for determining the relative size of red blood cells.