ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client who develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is exhibiting hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen therapy. In explaining the client's condition to the family, the nurse would incorporate which concept?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ARDS shunts blood past non-ventilated alveoli (A), per document (1). Diffuse alveolar damage (e.g., sepsis) fills alveoli with exudate (100-200 mL), halting ventilation (V/Q = 0). Oâ‚‚ therapy fails PaOâ‚‚ <60 mmHg despite FiOâ‚‚ 1.0 unlike COPD's air trapping (B). Surfactant decreases (C false), and secretions (D) are secondary. A's shunting 50% blood bypass explains refractory hypoxemia, distinguishing it from B's obstruction or C's reversal.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer respiratory medications to a child hospitalized with asthma. By which most frequently used route will the medication be administered?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aerosol (A) is the most frequent asthma medication route, per document (1). Inhalers (e.g., albuterol) deliver bronchodilators to airways (90% lung deposition), acting fast (5 min). IV (B) or subcutaneous (C) are emergent (e.g., epinephrine). Oral (D) is slow (e.g., montelukast). A's efficiency FEVâ‚ up 20% beats D's delay, per GINA.
Question 3 of 5
In the lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the lungs, P_CO2 in alveoli (~40 mmHg) is lower than in pulmonary capillaries (~45 mmHg), driving COâ‚‚ diffusion from blood to alveoli for exhalation. Deoxygenated blood arrives with higher COâ‚‚; alveoli, refreshed by ventilation, maintain lower COâ‚‚. P_O2 is higher in alveoli (~100 mmHg) than capillaries (~40 mmHg), enabling Oâ‚‚ uptake. Equal pressures (A, B) would halt exchange; higher alveolar P_CO2 (C) contradicts ventilation's role. This gradient, part of external respiration, ensures COâ‚‚ clearance and oxygenation, a fundamental gas exchange principle, critical in understanding lung efficiency and hypercapnia where COâ‚‚ retention rises.
Question 4 of 5
A client with asthma has started to take a beta-adrenergic agent. The client also takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). For what complication should the nurse assess the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypertension is a critical complication to assess when a client takes a beta-adrenergic agent (e.g., albuterol) with an MAOI. MAOIs block monoamine breakdown (e.g., norepinephrine), and beta-agonists stimulate its release, risking a hypertensive crisis blood pressure spikes from excess catecholamines. Hypotension (A) isn't typical; the interaction amplifies stimulation. Tachycardia (C) may occur from beta-agonists alone but isn't the primary concern here hypertension precedes it in severity. Bradycardia (D) contradicts beta-agonist effects (increased heart rate). This drug interaction, rare but serious, requires monitoring, especially in asthma patients with psychiatric comorbidities on MAOIs, highlighting the nurse's role in anticipating and managing pharmacodynamic risks.
Question 5 of 5
A 6-year-old child is hospitalized following an acute asthmatic episode. Which statement by the parents indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saying the child must quit swimming (B) indicates a teaching need. Exercise-induced asthma, likely here (C), is manageable with pre-exercise cromolyn (A) or albuterol, and an inhaler on hand (D) correct parental insights. Swimming, a low-impact sport, benefits asthmatics by strengthening lungs in humid air, not triggering attacks like running might. Quitting suggests misunderstanding asthma control; activity should be encouraged with proper prophylaxis. Further teaching should clarify that asthma, even exercise-induced, allows sports participation with management, critical for the child's physical and social development, a key nursing role in chronic illness support.