ATI LPN
Medical Surgical ATI Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client reports recent exposure to hepatitis A. What is a common mode of transmission for this virus?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fecal-oral route. Hepatitis A is commonly transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. The virus is present in the feces of infected individuals and can be spread through inadequate sanitation practices. Blood transfusion (A) is not a common mode of transmission for hepatitis A. Needle sharing (C) is more associated with hepatitis B and C transmission. Sexual contact (D) is not a primary mode of transmission for hepatitis A. In summary, the fecal-oral route is the most common mode of transmission for hepatitis A due to contamination of food or water with the virus.
Question 2 of 5
A healthcare provider is providing dietary teaching to a client with cholecystitis. Which type of diet should the healthcare provider recommend?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet. For cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder, a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet is essential to prevent exacerbation of symptoms. High-fat diets can trigger gallbladder attacks, while low-fat and low-cholesterol diets help reduce the workload on the gallbladder. High-fiber (choice A) may be too harsh on the digestive system. Low-fiber, high-protein (choice B) and high-protein, high-fat (choice D) diets can exacerbate symptoms due to the high-fat content.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare provider is providing care to a client with a tracheostomy. Which action should the healthcare provider take to prevent tracheostomy complications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use sterile technique when performing tracheostomy care. This is crucial to prevent infections that can lead to complications. Sterile technique helps minimize the risk of introducing harmful pathogens into the tracheostomy site. Using clean rather than sterile technique can increase the client's risk of infection. Choice B is incorrect because suctioning the tracheostomy tube every hour can lead to mucosal damage and increase the risk of infection. Choice C is incorrect because keeping the tracheostomy tube cuff inflated at all times can cause pressure ulcers and damage the trachea. Choice D is incorrect because changing the tracheostomy ties daily is unnecessary and can increase the risk of dislodging the tracheostomy tube, leading to complications.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is being treated with risperidone (Risperdal). Which finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Muscle rigidity. This finding could be indicative of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS), a rare but serious side effect of antipsychotic medications like risperidone. NMS is characterized by severe muscle rigidity, fever, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. Prompt medical intervention is crucial to prevent complications. A: Weight gain is a common side effect of risperidone and is typically not considered an urgent issue. B: Dry mouth is a common side effect of risperidone and can be managed with oral hygiene measures. D: Drowsiness is a common side effect of risperidone and may improve over time or with dosage adjustments. It is not typically an immediate concern unless severe or accompanied by other worrisome symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
The client is receiving intravenous vancomycin. Which assessment finding should the nurse report immediately?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red man syndrome. This is a severe adverse reaction to vancomycin characterized by flushing, rash, hypotension, and tachycardia. It can progress rapidly to anaphylaxis. Immediate reporting is crucial for prompt intervention. Blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg is within normal range, mild itching at the IV site is common and can be managed topically, and nausea and vomiting are common side effects of vancomycin but are not life-threatening compared to Red man syndrome.