ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client receiving HydroDIURIL (hydrochlorothiazide) is instructed to increase her dietary intake of potassium. The best snack for the client requiring increased potassium is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, increases potassium excretion, necessitating dietary potassium boosts to prevent hypokalemia, which can cause muscle weakness or arrhythmias. Among the options, bananas are renowned for high potassium content about 400-450 mg per medium fruit far exceeding pears (around 190 mg), apples (about 150 mg), or oranges (approximately 230 mg). This makes bananas the optimal snack to replenish potassium effectively, aligning with the client's therapeutic needs. Nurses educate clients on such choices to maintain electrolyte balance, emphasizing potassium-rich foods to counteract medication side effects and support overall health.
Question 2 of 5
The physician has prescribed Cognex (tacrine) for a client with dementia. The nurse should monitor the client for adverse reactions, which include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tacrine (Cognex) for dementia commonly elevates liver enzymes, a hepatotoxic effect requiring monitoring, as it can lead to serious liver damage key in Alzheimer's management. Thirst, hypotension, or dry mouth aren't primary concerns. Nurses track liver function tests, educating families on this risk, balancing cognitive benefits against potential toxicity.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of diverticulitis. Which meal selection is best suited for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Baked fish with carrots and rice suits diverticulitis, offering low-fiber, easily digestible options to rest the colon during recovery, avoiding irritation unlike high-fiber peas, seeds in sauce, or crackers. Nurses recommend this bland diet post-flare, educating clients to prevent diverticula inflammation, supporting healing and symptom relief.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client following a Billroth II procedure. Post-operatively, the nurse should position the client in the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Side-lying position post-Billroth II (gastrectomy) prevents dumping syndrome by slowing gastric emptying and reduces aspiration risk from nasogastric drainage supine or Fowler's increases reflux, prone is impractical. Nurses use this positioning, monitoring for rapid pulse or nausea, ensuring comfort and stability after gastric surgery.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of a fractured pelvis. Six months after the injury, the client continues to complain of pain at the site. This is most likely due to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Improper alignment during healing likely causes persistent pain six months post-pelvic fracture, as misalignment stresses healed bone scar tissue, infection, or psychosomatic pain are less common. Nurses assess, suggesting imaging, aiding pain management in recovery.